Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Linguistic relativism
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notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped
and reflected by...
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Impact of Language
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1. Naming and Identity2. Affiliation3. Power4. Sexism and Racism
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Convergence
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Process of adapting one's speech and style to match that of others with whom the communicator...
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Divergence
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Speaking in a way that identifies differences, setting yourself apart.
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Uses and Abuses of Language
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1. Precision and Vagueness2. The Language of Responsibility3. Disruptive Language
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Rules That Govern Language
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1. Syntactic - word order2. Semantic - meaning3. Phonological - sounds4. Pragmatic - practical...
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Precision and Vagueness
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A good communicator should use more precise language and less abstract
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Euphemisms
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Words or phrases that cover up for something; i.e. sugar-coat.
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It, But, I, You, We Language
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It- way of being less accusatoryI- you assume the responsibilityYou- more accusatory toward...
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Ogden and Richards Triangle of Meaning
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This model shows there is an indirect relationship between a word and the thing it represent....
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Abstraction Ladder
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Ladder that shows high levels of abstraction being vague, generalizations and low levels of...
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Disruptive Language
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1. Fact-Opinion Confusions 2. Fact-Inference Confusion 3. Emotive Language - speaker's...
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Gender Differences In Communication
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1. Females spend much more time talking about relationships to other females; males spend more...
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General Facts About Non-Verbal Communication
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1. 93% of emotional impact of a message comes from a non-verbal source.2. 55% voice/38% body
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Characteristics of Non-Verbal Communication
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1. Non-verbal communication is relational- defines relationships we want/have with others.2....
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Emblems
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Culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions
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Functions of Non-verbal Communication
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1. Regulating Interactions2. Influencing Others: boost credibility, generate power3. Concealing...
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Regulators
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Cues that help control verbal interaction
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Types of Non-verbal Communication
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1. Face and Eye2. Body movement - kinesics3. Touch (haptics)4. Voice- tone, vocal rate, volume5....
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Paralanguage
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The way a message is spoken
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Disfluencies
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Things that reinforce/ contradict message that words convey. Example: smiling when talking...
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Listening
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Process of making sense of others' spoken messages.
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Hearing vs. Listening
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Hearing is the process in which sound waves strike the eardrum, creating electrical impulses....
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Mindless Listening vs. Mindful Listening
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1.Mindless listening- reacting to others' messages automatically, without much mental investment. 2....
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Reasons for Listening
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1. To understand (comprehensive)2. To build and maintain relationships3. To evaluate4. To help...
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Listening Fidelity
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Degree of congruence between what listener understands and what was actually meant.
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Challenges of Listening
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1. Information overload - bombarded with too many messages2. Personal Concerns- personal issues,...
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Listening and Perception
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Physiological factors, social roles, cultural background personal interests, and needs all...
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Poor Listening habits
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1. Pseudolistening- pretending to listen2. Stage hogs- only interested in expressing your own...
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Components of Listening
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1. Hearing- physiological process2. Attending- psychological 3. Understanding4. Remembering5....
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Types of Listening Responses
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1. Silent Listening- staying attentive and non-verbally responsive.2. Questioning- to encourage...
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Open-Ended Questions
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Vague questions that get more out of the speaker
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Counterfeit Questions
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Questions that trap the sender and make statements; often based on unchecked assumptions.
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| 34 |
Before Offering Advice...
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1. Be sure the person wants to hear 2. Consider if the person is ready3. Be confident...
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