Flashcard Set Preview
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Anti-histamines (H1 antagonists)
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Anti-emetic
Used to control motion sickness
Adverse effects: sedation
Many have anticholinergic...
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Phenothiazines (Dopamine Antagonist)
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Anti-emetic (dopamine antagonist)
Broad-spectrum - capable of blocking several NTs
Principle...
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Metoclopramide (Dopamine Antagonist)
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Anti-emetic (dopamine antagonist)
Effectively blocks emesis mediated at the CRTZ (antagonizes...
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Serotonin Antagonists (5-HT3)
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Anti-emetic
Block central CRTZ and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors
Useful for refractory vomiting...
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Neurokinin-1 Antagonists
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Anti-emetic
Block effects of substance P in CRTZ
Licensed for use in dogs - acute vomiting,...
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Peripherally Acting (Reflex) Emetics
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Emetic
Table salt with/without warm water
Hydrogen peroxide (3%) - aspiration of foam possible
Ipecac...
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| 7 |
Centrally Acting Emetics
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Apomorphine - derivative of morphine
Used in dogs successfully (use in cats controversial)
Stimulate...
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| 8 |
H2 Blockers
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Anti-ulcer agents (gastric antisecretory drugs)
Histamine binds to H2 receptors on parietal...
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Cimetidine (Tagamet)
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Anti-ulcer agent (gastric antisecretory drug)
H2 receptor antagonist
Potent inhibitor of...
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Ranitidine (Zantac)
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Anti-ulcer agent (gastric antisecretory drug)
H2 receptor antagonist
More potent (5-12x)...
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Famotidine (Pepcid)
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Anti-ulcer agent (gastric antisecretory drug)
H2 receptor antagonist
More potent (9x) than...
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| 12 |
Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Anti-ulcer agents (gastric antisecretory drugs)
Work by irreversibly binding the parietal...
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| 13 |
Omeprazole (Gastrogard)
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Anti-ulcer agent (gastric antisecretory drug)
Proton pump inhibitor
Most potent gastric antisecretory...
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| 14 |
Sucralfate (Carafate)
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Anti-ulcer agent (mucosal protectant)
Orally administered disaccharide (sucrose) aluminum...
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| 15 |
Antacids
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Anti-ulcer agents (mucosal protectants)
Antacids chemically neutralize HCl present in the...
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Misoprostol (Cytotec)
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Anti-ulcer agent (mucosal protectant)
PGE analog
Mucosal protectant (increases mucus production,...
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| 17 |
Metoclopramide (Maxeran)
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Prokinetic (dopamine antagonist)
Acts peripherally as a prokinetic to increase Ach by: activating...
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Domperidone (Motilium)
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Prokinetic (dopamine antagonist)
Properties are similar to metoclopramide
Does not cross...
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| 19 |
Cisapride
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Prokinetic (serotonin receptor modulator)
Acts peripherally to stimulate 5-HT4 receptors on...
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Erythromycin
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Prokinetic (motilin agonist)
Member of the macrolide antibacterials
Prokinetic effects proposed...
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| 21 |
Nizatidine (Axid), Ranitidine (Zantac)
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Prokinetics (H2-receptor antagonists)
Appear to inhibit tissue acetylcholinesterase, which...
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| 22 |
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
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Prokinetic (cholinergic)
Use limited by adverse effects (salivation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea,...
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| 23 |
Adsorbents
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Antidiarrheals
Bind chemicals and toxins, preventing their absorption
Bound agents are eliminated...
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Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
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Antidiarrheal (adorbent)
Used in acute diarrheas (will darken stool)
Chronic use can yield...
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Kaolin/Pectin (Kaopectate)
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Antidiarrheal (adsorbent)
Kaolin (attapulgite) and pectin (carbohydrate)
Binds toxins, bacteria...
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| 26 |
Antimotility and Antisecretory
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Antidiarrheals
Opioids
Inhibit release of Ach by cholinergic nerves: reduces propulsive activity;...
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| 27 |
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
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Antidiarrheal (antimotility and antisecretory), Opioid
Derivative of meperidine
Formulated...
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| 28 |
Loperamide (Imodium)
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Antidiarrheal (antimotility and antisecretory), Opioid
Does not cross the BBB - less side...
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| 29 |
Anticholinergics
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Antidiarrheals (antimotility and antisecretory)
Diminish motility and secretions in intestinal...
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| 30 |
Belladonna Alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine)
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Antidiarrheals (antimotility and antisecretory), Anticholinergics
Atropine is present in many...
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| 31 |
Synthetic Anticholinergics (propantheline)
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Antidiarrheals (antimotility and antisecretory), Anticholinergics
Less likely to cross the...
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Emollient Laxatives (Lubricants)
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Lubricating and fecal softening properties
Examples: mineral oil (liquid paraffin), white...
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Mineral Oil (liquid paraffin)
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Emmolient laxative (lubricant)
Commonly used as a lubricant
Generally bland and safe (aspiration...
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| 34 |
White Petrolatum (soft paraffin)
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Emmolient laxative (lubricant)
Used for oral relief/prevention of hairballs and as a laxative...
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| 35 |
Docusate Sodium (Anti-Bloat)
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Emmolient laxative (lubricant)
Oral anionic surfactant
Used primarily as an anti-bloat remedy...
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Simple Bulk Laxatives
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Hydrophilic in nature and indigestible
Absorb water causing swelling followed by bowel distension...
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| 37 |
Osmotic Cathartics
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Compounds (salts, sugars) that are poorly absorbed by the GIT, or not at all
Retain or attract...
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| 38 |
Irritant (Stimulant) Cathartics
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Mechanism of action poorly understood - stimulate the mucosal lining of the GIT and initiate...
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| 39 |
Pancrelipase (Pancrease)
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Used in exocrine pancreatic enzyme deficiency
Amylase, lipase, protease extracts
Obtained...
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| 40 |
Cyproheptadine (generic)
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Appetite stimulant
Antihistamine with antiserotonin effects
Postulated to inhibit serotonin...
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| 41 |
Diazepam (Valium)
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Appetite stimulant
Proposed GABA affects on inhibition of satiety centre
Can be useful in...
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| 42 |
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
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Combination of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid; colonic bacteria cleave two moieties...
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| 43 |
Cyclosporine (Atopica)
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Suppresses T-cell mediated activity (reduces IL-2 and other lymphokines)
Capsules
Uses: treatment...
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| 44 |
Ursodiol (Actigall)
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Ursodeoxycholic acid is a naturally-occurring bile acid
Acts as a choloretic - promotes secretion...
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