Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Define: Atomic Theory
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A theory stating that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
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| 2 |
Define: Chemistry
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The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying what atoms and molecules...
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| 3 |
Define: Experiment
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A procedure that makes use of observable predictions to test a theory.
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| 4 |
Define: Hypothesis
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A theory before it has become well established; a tentative explanation for an observation...
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| 5 |
Define: Law of Conservation of Mass
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A law stating that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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| 6 |
Define: Observation
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The first step in the scientific method. An observation must measure or describe something...
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| 7 |
Define: Scientific Law
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A statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones. Scientific laws are...
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| 8 |
Define: Scientific Method
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The way that scientists learn about the natural world. The scientific method involves observations,...
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| 9 |
Define: Theory
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A proposed explanation for observations and laws. A theory presents a model of the way nature...
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| 10 |
Define: Conversion Factor
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A factor used to convert between two separate units; a conversion factor is constructed from...
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| 11 |
Define: Decimal Part
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One part of a number expressed in scientific notation.
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| 12 |
Define: Density
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A fundamental property of materials that differs from one substance to another. The untis of...
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| 13 |
Define: English System
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A unit system commonly used in the US.
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| 14 |
Define: Exponent
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A number that represents the number of times a term is multiplied by itself. For example, in...
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| 15 |
Define: Exponential Part
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One part of a number expressed in scientific notation; it represents the number of places the...
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| 16 |
Define: International System (SI)
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The standard set of units for science measurements, based on the metric system.
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| 17 |
Define: Kilogram (kg)
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The SI standard unit of mass.
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| 18 |
Define: Liter (L)
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A unit used to express volume.
1 Liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
=...
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| 19 |
Define: Mass
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A measure of the quantity of matter within an object.
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| 20 |
Define: Meter (m)
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The SI standard unit of length.
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| 21 |
Define: Metric System
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The unit system commonly used throughout most of the world.
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| 22 |
Define: Prefix Multipliers
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Prefixes used by the SI system with the standard units. These multipliers change the value...
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| 23 |
Define: Scientific Notation
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A system used to write very big or very small numbers, often containing many zeros, more compactly...
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| 24 |
Define: Second (s)
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The SI standard unit of time.
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| 25 |
Define: SI Units
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The most convenient system of units for science measurements, based on the metric system. the...
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| 26 |
Define: Significant Figures (digits)
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The non-place-holding digits in a reported measurement; they represent the precision of a measured...
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| 27 |
Define: Solution Map
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A visual outline that shows the strategic route required to solve a problem.
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| 28 |
Define: Units
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Previously agreed-on quantities used to report experimental measurements. Units are vital in...
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| 29 |
Define: Volume
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A measure of space. Any unit of length, when cubed, becomes a unit of volume.
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| 30 |
Define: Amorphous
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A type of solid matter in which atoms or molecules do not have long-range order.
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| 31 |
Define: Atoms
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The smallest identifiable unit of an element.
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| 32 |
Define: calorie (c)
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The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 oC.
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| 33 |
Define: Calorie (C)
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An energy of unit equivalent to 1000 little-c calories.
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| 34 |
Define: Celsius scale (oC)
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A temperature scale often used by scientists. On this scale, water freezes at 0 oC and boils...
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| 35 |
Define: Chemical Change
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A change in which matter changes its composition.
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| 36 |
Define: Chemical Energy
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The energy associated with chemical change.
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| 37 |
Define: Chemical Properties
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Properties that a substance can display only through changing its composition.
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| 38 |
Define: Chemical Reaction
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The process by which one or more substances transform into different substances via a chemical...
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| 39 |
Define: Compound
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A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.
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| 40 |
Define: Compressible
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Able to occupy a smaller volume when subjected to increased pressure. Gases are compressible...
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| 41 |
Define: Crystalline
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A type of solid matter with atoms or molecules arranged in a well-ordered, three-dimensional...
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| 42 |
Define: Decanting
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Separating mixtures into their components by carefully pouring off one mixture into a separate...
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| 43 |
Define: Distillation
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A process in which a mixture is separated by heat to boil off the more volatile liquid....
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| 44 |
Define: Electrical Energy
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Energy associated with the flow of electric charge.
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| 45 |
Define: Element
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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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| 46 |
Define: Endothermic
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Describes a process that absorbs heat energy.
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| 47 |
Define: Energy
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The capacity to do work.
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| 48 |
Define: Exothermic
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Describes a process that releases energy to the surroundings.
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| 49 |
Define: Farenheit (oF) scale
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The temperature scale that is most familiar in the US; water freezes at 32 oF and boils at...
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| 50 |
Define: Filtration
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The seperation of a solid from a liquid by pouring through filter paper usually held in a funnel.
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| 51 |
Define: Gas
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A state of matter in which atoms or molecules are widely separated and free to move relative...
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| 52 |
Define: Heat Capacity
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The quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature of a given amount of a substance...
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| 53 |
Define: Heteroogeneous Mixture
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A mixture, such as oil and water, that has two or more regions with different compositions.
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| 54 |
Define: Homogeneous Mixture
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A mixture, such as salt water, that has the same composition throughout.
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| 55 |
Define: Kelvin (K) Scale
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The temperature scale that assigns 0 K to the coldest temperature possible, absolute zero...
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| 56 |
Define: Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)
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A unit of energy equal to 3.6 million joules.
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| 57 |
Define: Kintetic Energy
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Energy associated with the motion of an object.
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| 58 |
Define: Law of Conservation of Energy
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A law stating that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. The total amount of energy...
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| 59 |
Define: Liquid
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A state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other (about as closely...
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| 60 |
Define: Matter
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Anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter exists in three different states: solid,...
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| 61 |
Define: Mixture
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A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable...
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| 62 |
Define: Molecules
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Two or more atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds. A molecule is the smallest...
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| 63 |
Define: Physical Change
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A change in which matter does not change its composition, even though its appearance might...
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| 64 |
Define: Physical Properties
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Those properties that substance displays without changing its composition.
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| 65 |
Define: Potential Energy
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The energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangement of its parts.
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| 66 |
Define: Products
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The final substances produced in a chemical reaction; represented on the right side of a chemical...
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| 67 |
Define: Properties
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The characteristics we use to distinguish one substance from another.
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| 68 |
Define: Pure Substance
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A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule.
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| 69 |
Define: Reactants
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The initial substances in a chemical reaction, represented on the left side of a chemical equation.
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| 70 |
Define: Solid
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A state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other in fixed locations.
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| 71 |
Define: Specific Heat Capacity
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The heat capacity of a substance in joules per gram degree celsius (J/g oC).
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| 72 |
Define: States of Matter
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The three forms in which matter can exist; solid, liquid and gas.
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| 73 |
Define: Volatile
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Tending to vaporize easily.
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| 74 |
Define: Alkali Metals
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The Group 1A elements, which are highly reactive metals.
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| 75 |
Define: Alkaline Earth Metals
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The Group 2A elements, which are fairly reactive metals.
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| 76 |
Define: Anions
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A negatively charged ion.
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| 77 |
Define: Atomic Mass
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A weighted average of the masses of each naturally occurring isotope of an element; atomic...
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| 78 |
Define: Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
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The unit commonly used to express the masses of protons, neutrons, and nuclei.
1 amu = 1.66...
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| 79 |
Define: Atomic Number (Z)
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| 80 |
Define: Cations
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A positively charged ion.
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| 81 |
Define: Charge
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A fundamental property of protons and electrons. Charged particles experience forces such that...
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| 82 |
Define: Chemical Symbol
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A one or two letter abbreviation for an element, Chemical symbols are listed directly below...
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| 83 |
Define: Electron
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A negatively charged particle that occupies most of the atom's volume but contributes almost...
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| 84 |
Define: Family (of elements)
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A group of elements that have similar outer electron configurations and therefore similar properties....
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| 85 |
Define: Group (of elements)
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Elements that have similar outer electron configurations and therefore similar properties....
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| 86 |
Define: Halogens
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The Group 7A elements, which are very reactive nonmetals.
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| 87 |
Define: Ions
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An atom (or group of atoms) that has gained or lost one or more electrons, so that it has an...
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| 88 |
Define: Isotopes
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Atoms with the same number or protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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| 89 |
Define: Main-Group Elements
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Groups 1A-8A on the periodic table. These groups have properties that tend to be predictable...
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| 90 |
Define: Mass Number (A)
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The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom.
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| 91 |
Define: Metalloids
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Those elements that fall along the boundary between the metals and the nonmetals in the periodic...
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| 92 |
Define: Metals
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Elements that tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions. They are found at the left side...
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| 93 |
Define: Neutrons
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A nuclear particle with no electrical charge and nearly the same mass as a proton.
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| 94 |
Define: Noble Gases
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The Group 8A elements, which are chemically inert gases.
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| 95 |
Define: Nonmetals
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Elements that tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. They are found at the upper right...
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| 96 |
Define: Nuclear Radiation
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The energetic particles emitted from the nucleus of an atom when it is undergoing a nuclear...
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| 97 |
Define: Nuclear Theory of the Atom
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A theory stating that most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in...
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| 98 |
Define: Nucleus (of an atom)
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The small core containing most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge. The nucleus...
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| 99 |
Define: Percent Natural Abundance
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The percentage amount of each isotope of an element in a naturally occurring sample of the...
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| 100 |
Define: Periodic Law
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A law that states that when the elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass,...
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| 101 |
Define: Periodic Table
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An arrangement of the elements in which atomic number increases from left to right and elements...
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| 102 |
Define: Protons
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A positively charged nuclear particle. A proton's mass is approximately 1 amu.
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| 103 |
Define: Radioactive
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Describes a substance that emits tiny, invisible, energeyic particles from the nuclei of its...
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| 104 |
Define: Semiconductor
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A compound or element exhibiting intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changed and...
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| 105 |
Define: Transition Elements (metals)
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The elements in the middle of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable...
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