Chapter Seven: Essentials of Medical Terminology

Bones provide protection and support, make movement possible, produce blood cells, and store and release calcium and phosphorus

Osteoblasts create bone; osteoblasts reabsorb it. mature bone cells are osteocytes. the process of bone formation is ossification. breakdown and renewal of bone is called remodeling

The skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and hyoid bone make up the axial skeleton. the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the arms and legs make up the appendicular skeleton

The cranial bones are the: frontal bone; parietal bones; occipital bone; temporal bone; sphenoid bone; ethmoid bonethe facial bones are the: nasal bones zygomatic bones; vomer; maxilla; mandible; nasal conchae; lacrimal bones

There are 33 vertebrae; the number of vertebrae in each segment of the vertebral column ca be remembered by the following: eat breakfast at 7 am (7 cervical), lunch at 12 noon (12 thoracic), and dinner at 5 pm (5 lumbar), and go to bed at 9:54 pm (9 fused bones of the tailbone; 5 sacrum, 4 coccyx)

The thoracic cage consist of sternum, 12 pairs of ribs connected to the thoracic vertebrae, 10 pairs connected by costal cartilage to the sternum and 2 pairs that do not attach to the sternum called floating ribs; or superficial ribs

The pectoral girdle consists of clavicles (collar bones), and scapulae (shoulder blades)

The pelvic girdle consists of two coxal (hip) bones, containing three segments that become fused: the ilium, ischium, and pubis joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis, and posteriorly at the sacrum to torm the sacroiliac. acetabulum (hip socket) allows the head of the femur to fit into it forning the hip joint

The upper extremities consists of the humerus, ulna (bulge on the proximal end of the ulna is the elbow also called the olecranon process), radius, carpals (8 arranged in 2 rows), metacarpals (numbered in roman numeral I to V, and phalanges (each finger has 3 proximal, medial, distal except the thumb which has 2 medial and distal phalanges and are connected at the interphalangeal joint; or IP joint)

The lower extremity consists of the femur (thighbone); patella (knee); tibia (shin, a bump on the distal tibia is called the medial malleolus); and fibula (lateral bone of the lower leg; also has a bump or projection called the lateral malleolus); tarsals (talus; ankle bones); metatarsals (foot bones also numbered I to V); and phalanges (proximal, middle, distal phalanx except big toe only has proximal and distal; are also joined at the IP joint); and calcaneus (heel)

AXIAL SKELETON

COMMON NAME

Skull

Forehead

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