Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture

Envi Sci  

19 cards   |   Total Attempts: 189
  

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Chronically Undernourished
Less than 2200 kcal a day- not enough to sustain healthy lifestyle
Food Secuirty
Ability to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
Famines
Large scale food shortages, massive starvation, social disruption, and economic chaos
Malnourishment
A nutritional imbalance casued by a lack of speicifc nutirents
Anemia
Low hemoglobin levels in blood Iron Deficiency
Goiter
Swelling of thyroids from Iodine definciency
Kwashiorkor
West African Displaced child - belly swells - Marasmus
What makes up 60% of all world food calories
Wheat, Rice, Corn
Industrialized Agriculture (Demand based)
High input of pesticides, fossil fuels, water, captial Huge environmental impacts
Resource Based Subsistence Agriculture
Huge consumption of land (deforestation, overgrazing) Shifting cultivation in tropical forests- SA and Africa Nomadic Herding in deserts and steppes (african and Asia) 1 farmer feeds family
Intensive Traditional Agriculture
High labor, low capital and energy inputs China, India, SE Asia 1 farmer feeds several
Soil Degredation
Loss of productive potential in soil Loss of topsoil results in less fertility and less water holding capacity Other aspects: salinity, acidity, soil compaction, nutrient depletion
Soil Conservation
Less Tillage and Grazing More terracing, Strip cropping, coutouring, and shelterbelts
Bioaccumulation
Selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules can be good and bad
Biomagnification
Toxic burden of a large number of organisms at a lower trophic level is accumulated and concentrated by a predator in a higher trophic level