Chapter 3: Systems Design: Job-order Costing

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Absorption costing
A costing method that includes all manufacturing costs--DM, DL, and VC and FC-- in the cost of a product
Allocation base
A measure of activity such as direct labor-hours or machine-hours that is used to assign costs to cost objects
Bill of materials
A document that shows the quantity of each type of direct material required to make a product
Cost driver
A factor, such as machine-hours, beds occupied, computer time, or flight-hours, that causes overhead costs
Job cost sheet
A form prepared for a job that records the materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead costs charged to that job.
Job-order costing
A costing system used in situations where many different products, jobs, or services are produced each period
Materials requisition form
A document that specifies the type and quantity of materials to be drawn from the storeroom and that identifies the job that will be charged for the cost of thse materials
Multiple predetermined overhead rates
A costing system with multiple overhead cost pools and a different predetermined overhead rate for each cost pool, rather than a single predetermined overhead rate for the entire company. each production department may be treated as a seperate overhead cost pool
Normal cost system
A costing system in which overhead costs are applied to a job by multiplying a predetermined overhead rate by the actual amount of the allocation base incurred by the job
Overapplied overhead
A credit balance in the manufacturing overhead account that occurs when the amount of overhead cost applied to WIP exceeds the amount of overhead cost actually incurred during a period
Overhead application
The process of charging manufacturing overhead cost to job cost sheets and to the WIP account
Plantwide overhead rate
A signel predetermined overhead rate that is used throughout a plant
Predetermined overhead rate
A rate used to charge manufacturing overhead cost to jobs that is established in advance for each period. it is computed by dividing the estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the period by the estimated total amount of the allocation base for the period
Process costing
A costing system used in situations where a single, homogeneous product (i e. cement or flour) is produced foir long periods of time
Time ticket
A document that is used to record the amount of time an employee spends on various activities