Flashcard Set Preview
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Chromosome
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A combo of DNA molecules which contain genetic information. Composed of two chromatids, homologus...
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Homozygous
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Having identical alleles (RR, rr)
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Heterozygous
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Having two different alleles (Rr)
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Dominant
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Appears most often than an opposite trait.
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Recessive
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Appears by chance, often slim allele.
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Genotype
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Entire set of genes, set of alleles that determines expression of a particular characteristic...
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Phenotype
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Observable traits, outward, physical parts.
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Laws of Segregation
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The units of Inheritance (genes) exist in pairs in an individual. In the formation of gametes,...
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Independent assortment
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Segregate into gametes independently.
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Pedigree
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A family tree of trait expression. Allows the determination of ancestors genotypes
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Complete dominance
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A kind of dominance wherein the dominant gene completely masks the effect of the recessive...
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Codominance
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Both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous individual. Ex: Blood type
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Incomplete dominance
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Heterozygous individual is a blend of two genes. Ex: flowers
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Linked genes
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Genes located close together on the same chromosomes often inherited together. Do not usually...
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X-linked genes
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genes carried on x chromosome. y carries few genes.
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DNA
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All DNA is the same. Double stranded helix held together by hydrogen bonds between bases. made...
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DNA replication
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Complimentary strand. Copy of the DNA so each new cell has a genetic material.
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Three forms of RNA
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mRna-Messenger RNA. tRna-Translate-transfer RNA. rRna-site of translation, protein synthesis
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Transcription
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Enzyme that creates RNA. Moves along strand matching up bases.
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Genetic code
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Every three bases code for a single amino acid=codon
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Point mutation
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Change in one or few nucleotide (bases) can cause number of difficulties. No change in protein...
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Gene therapy
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Goal is to insert functional genes into cells that have a faulty gene. Viruses can act as a...
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DNA fingerpritning
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Identification of repeating sequence of DNA. Number of copies of those repeating sequences...
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