Ch. 9 APUSH

Franchise extended - more people were given the right to vote, even men who owned no land. Spoils system - "To the victor go the spoils" - the winner of the election may do whatever they want with the staff. Jackson made more staff changes than any previous president, firing many people and replacing them with his own.

Rhode Island's legislature was conservative and blocked all efforts to reform. Thomas Dorr formed "People's Party" and sumitted a new construction they had drafted-overwhelmingly approved by pop. vote. Legis. denied when Dorr formed new govt. with himself as gov. the old govt. imprisoned them-rebellion failed but legis. had drafted new const. exanding suffrage.

Since the 1840's, two major political parties have managed to eliminated all competition. Democrats and Republicans have controlled nearly all government systems since the 1840's. Political competition between the Whigs and Democrats. Whigs= activist government, optimistic, evangelical; Democrats= limited central government, Jeffersonian principles; more foreign/other religions.

A meeting of party delegates elected in state primaries, caucuses, or conventions that is held every four years. Its primary purpose is to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates.

Ideas from madison and jefferson (virginia and kentucky resolutions) and 10th amendment; since the federal govt is the creation of the states, the states should have power to void fed. laws; S. Carolina was eager to nullify tariff of abominations

When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress

He was an American financier who was also president of the Bank of the United States. He was also known for his bribes. He was in charge during the bank war, where Jackson refused to deposit federal funds, which bled the bank dry. He also showed the corruption of the bank.

In 1831 the US Supreme Court issued a decision that defined Native Americans as "domestic dependant nations" instead of foreign nations. This redesignation allowed states, such as Georgia, to disenfranchise Native American tribes of their lands. The Supreme Court refused to intervene stating that the Cherokee Nation didn't have control of their lands, because they were not a foreign nation with sovereignty rights. The "Cherokee Tribe is a state in the sense that it is a "distinct political society," but is not a foreign state within the meaning of Article III of the Constitution. It is more like a "domestic dependent nation" with the relation of the tribe to the Federal government like that of "ward to guardian." The tribes are separate nations within a nation."

1837 - Supreme Court ruled that a charter granted by a state to a company cannot work to the disadvantage of the public. The Charles River Bridge Company protested when the Warren Bridge Company was authorized in 1828 to build a free bridge where it had been chartered to operate a toll bridge in 1785. The court ruled that the Charles River Company was not granted a monopoly right in their charter, and the Warren Company could build its bridge. 1837 - Contract Clause - one of the first decisions to find for the state in challenges invoking the Constitution's Contract Clause - signaled the Court's shift towards states' rights

Third political party that developed during the campaign of 1832 because of the debate between Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. This party also developed as opposition to the Masonic secret society. Although it gained support from evangelical Protestant groups and people who were neglected by Jackson, the defeat of this third party cemented the two party system that is present today.

A terms used by whites referring to the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chicksaws, and Semonoles due to their "Americanization" These Indians make remarkable efforts to adopt the ways of the whites and even abandon their our culture, however this was still not good enough for the whites when in 1828 Georgia’s government declared their council illegal and asserted its own jurisdictions. These tribes also felt the heavy blows of the Indian Removal Act.

1830 - The Maysville Road Bill proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state) at federal expense. Jackson vetoed it because he didn't like Clay, and Martin Van Buren pointed out that New York and Pennsylvania paid for their transportation improvements with state money. Applied strict interpretation of the Constitution by saying that the federal government could not pay for internal improvements.

1832 - Jackson, in his veto message of the recharter of the Second Bank of the U.S., said that the bank was a monopoly that catered to the rich, and that it was owned by the wealthy and by foreigners.

The Bank of the United States was chartered by Congress in 1791; it held government funds and was also commercial. It wasn't rechartered in 1811, but a second bank was established in 1816 (1/5 government owned). Jackson opposed it, saying it drove other banks out of business and favored the rich, but Clay favored it. Nicholas Biddle became the bank's president. He made the bank's loan policy stricter and testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it didn't destroy small banks. The bank went out of business in 1836 amid controversy over whether the National Bank was constitutional and should be rechartered.

1863 - The Specie Circular, issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. The Circular required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed