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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Mineral Bioavailability Decrease: F_____ p______ Ox______ Mineral-______interactions EX: calcium and iron Enhance: Vitamin-_______interactions Ex: vitamin C and iron Animal product sources _______________ |
Decrease: Fiber and phytate, Oxalates
Mineral-mineral interactions EX: calcium and iron Enhance: Vitamin-mineral interactions Ex: vitamin C and iron Animal product sources generally best absorbed |
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Minerals Most Likely to be Deficient in N. America
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Calcium
Iron Zinc |
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Major functions of minerals
F
E
A
S
BL
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Fluid balance
Energy Metabolism Antioxidants Structure (bones) Blood components |
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Fluid Balance: Four components?
S
C
P
P
What are Sources of each? Purpose of each?
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Sodium
Table salt (NaCl):40% sodium, 60% chloride Major (+) ion, extracellular fluid Chloride Table salt Major (-) ion, extracellular fluid Potassium Fruits, vegetables, milk, grains, meats, dried beans Major (+) ion, intracellular fluid Phosphorous Dairy and meats 20-30% from food additives Soda contains phosphoric acid Difficult to limit intake |
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Food Manufactures Vs. Home Cooked:
How does sodium chloride get into our food? (%) |
Where does it come from?
~15% added by individuals ~10% naturally occurring in foods ~ 75% added by food manufacturers |
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What minerals contribute to
Structure (Bones)? What are they found in?
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Calcium
Makes up 40% of all the mineral present in the body Has many functions in addition to bones Magnesium Plant products: legumes, seeds, nuts, whole grains, vegetables Fluoride Toothpaste, tea Phosphorous |
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Calcium / Bone Mass Facts:
Peak mass age?
Loss begins age?
Major bone mass loss called? What is is? Who / what increased risk?
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Peak bone mass: age 20-30
Bone loss begins: age 30-40 Significant loss at menopause Osteoporosis Poor bone structure High risk: female, small frame, old age, low calcium intake, smoking, ED |
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Calcium Absorption: Enhancers / Inhibitors
Best source of calcium? |
Absorption
Enhancers Vitamin D, stomach acid Inhibitors Phytates, oxalates, tannins Dairy is best source of Calcium |
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Vegetarianism and calcium: challenges & tips
Challenge: Difficult to ____ ____ without ____. Some _____ sources are poorly absorbed Tips: Choose ________foods Dairy ___________ T_____ (some types) Some RTE ______, _______ Some green ________ |
Challenge:
Difficult to meet needs without dairy Some plant sources are poorly absorbed Tips: Choose fortified foods Dairy substitutes Tofu (some types) Some RTE cereals, snacks Some green vegetables |
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Sulfur controls _____ base balance. Source?
Component of?
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Acid-base balance
Source: food proteins Component of body protein |
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Two types of bones:
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Cortical or compact bone
Trabecular or spongy bone |
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Bone is composed of:
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A protein frame work, or matrix, hardened by deposits of minerals
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___________ is the most abundant protein
_____________ is the calcium-phosphorus crystal |
Collagen is the most abundant protein
Hydroxyapatite is the calcium-phosphorus crystal |
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Two types of iron in the diet? Each comes from where?
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Heme iron: part of hemoglobin and myoglobin in animal products. Heme iron is absorbed more efficiently and less affected by other dietary factors
Nonheme iron: in plant foods and released from cooking utensils |
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Map basic chemical structure of heme iron.
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 Fe chem structure |
