Ch 4 Study Guide

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Created Mar 16, 2012
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	Side A	Side B
1	List 4 renewable energy resources	hydro-power, tidal power, wind and Geo-thermal energy
2	Human contributions to global climate warming are primarily from ________?	carbon dioxide emissions
3	The contemporary view of nature dominant in the U.S. is most strongly linked to what...	Judeo-Christian tradition
4	The lower an organism on the food chain, ________?	more energy efficient
5	The foundations of the U.S. environmental movement of the 20th century are drawn from the ideas...	George Perkins Marsh
6	At what point in history was the view of nature as a nurturing and bountiful mother was replaced...	16th century
7	The book, Silent Spring, explores the environmental impacts of ________?	pesticides
8	A tool with which early Stone Age (Paleolithic) people extensively altered their environment...	fire
9	The Clovis point helped North America's early peoples do what?	hunt for food
10	Among other differences, Neolithic peoples were separated from Paleolithic peoples by the ________...	emergence of agricultural revolution
11	The term magafauna is another way of referring to large ________.	game animals
12	The most reasonable explanation for the selective extinction of large animals like mastodons,...	over or too much hunting
13	The simplification of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity began with?	neo-paleolithic (agricultural revolution)
14	Cities of ancient Mesopotamia in the Fertile Crescent grew and relied upon a vast irrigation...	environmental mismanagement
15	The same problem that plagued early agricultural civilization in Mesopotamia currently plague...	salt build up in soil
16	The Columbian Exchange resulted in the introduction of what 3 things?	corn, potatoes, tomatoes from the New World into the Old World
17	The introduction of exotic plants and animals into new ecosystems, such as the introduction...	ecological imperialism
18	Numerous small islands of Oceania in the South Pacific continue to suffer environmental consequences...	use as testing sites for biological weapons
19	Russia holds about 1/3 of the world's known reserves of __________, predicted to be this century's...	natural gas
20	The great environment benefit of hydropower as an energy source is that it.....	produces few atmospheric pollutants
21	The world's largest generator of the greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is where?	United States
22	The greatest estimated area of deforestaion since pre-agricultural times has occurred where?	Asia
23	Marshes, bogs, peat lands and swamps are all in the ________ category of land cover.	wetland
24	Henry David Thoreau is often credited as the founder of what?	U.S. ecological philospohy
25	When did the idea that humans could and should dominate nature become prevalent in Western...	16th century
26	Humans dispersed so widely during the Paleolithic period primarily because...	they needed new areas with sufficient food for survival
27	During the Neolithic Period, human societies produced the first significant numbers of craftspeople...	specialization to agricultural workers to work crops and do other jobs
28	During the era of internal European expansion, the most obvious change in the land was what?	Deforestation
29	Prior to the Colombian Exchange, the only large domestic animals in the Americas use for work/protein...	llama and dog
30	The greatest factor behind the New World's large population decrease after the arrival of the...	disease
31	Fossil fuel use increased dramatically during the ________ Revolution?	Industrial
32	Most of the population of sub-Saharan Africa relies on ________ as their main energy source.	wood
33	What crop was domesticated in the Old World and introduced to the New World?	wheat
34	Virtual water is used to refer to what ?	water to make things, newspapers, cars, etc
35	By the time it was completed in 2006, about 1.3 million people were relocated to build and...	China, the Yangtz River
36	What constitutes a complex relationship? Two things?	nature and society
37	What 2 things is nature?	physical realm and a social creation
38	2 things that have had extremely degrading impacts on the environment?	Urbanization and industrialization
39	The most crucial element between people and their environment is what?	water
40	Why is water becoming a shortage?	it's becoming a privatized commodity
41	Author of Silent Spring in 1962?	Rachel Carson
42	Winner of the Nobel peace prize in Africa for the Green Belt movement?	Dr. Wangai Maathai
43	What is nature?	it is physical but also a social creation
44	What is society?	inventions and relationships created by humans
45	What can we say that the relationship between nature and society is mediated by?	technology
46	3 ways we define technology?	1. physical objects (plow)2. activities (steelmaking)3. knowledge or know how (biological engineering)
47	What is the PAT formula?	human population pressures on environmental resources to the level of affluence and access...
48	Naturalist and activist in 1817-1862?	Henry David Thoreau, wrote about Concord, Massachusetts
49	Thoreau embraced European notions in what?	romanticism
50	Philosopher who is known for his branch of American transcendentalism?	Ralph Waldo Emerson
51	Impact of Spanish agricultural innovations on the indigenous people of what region in South...	Central Andes
52	Philosophical perspective that prescribes moral principles as guidance for our treatment of...	Environmental ethics
53	Promoters of science and technology and changing the prevailing organic view of nature?	Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes, English philosophers
54	Caves (cave paintings) were important for young boys...	you came out a man, an example of a rite of passage
55	Clovis points were named after what State?	Clovis, New Mexico
56	A significant way that humans have been able to alter the limits of their environment is through...	Irrigation
57	Harvesting tool in Mesopotamia?	Wheat and flint sickle blade
58	One of the driest areas in the U.S.	El Centro, Southern California
59	Buildup of sand and clay in a natural or artificial waterway is called?	Siltation
60	Place in the Middle East where plants were domesticated and ancient civilization flourished?	Fertile Crescent
61	Bubonic Plague in Europe was aka what?	Black Death
62	He examined the role disease played in the depopulation of some of Spain's New World colonies?	W. George Lovell, geographer
63	Least noxious of energy resources?	Natural gas, it burns cleanly
64	Derived from organic materials then burned directly to produce heat?	Fossil Fuels
65	What country has more gas reserves than any other country?	Russia
66	In the book, the Pottery Furnace that used old tires and asphalt was in what country?	Wuhan, China
67	In the book, the site they showed as a coal mining area was in what country?	Germany
68	The highest global rate of oil production is reached is called what?	Peak Oil
69	What is the lifeblood of most economies?	oil
70	Hydroelectric power is appealing because?	It has fewer pollutants
71	Wholesale transformation of land from one use to another like when forest is converted to settlement?	Conversion
72	Alteration of existing cover like when grassland is overlaid with railroad line or when a forest...	Modification
73	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, who won this Nobel Prize?	Al Gore, Jr.
74	What Age is romanticism known as?	Industrial Age of Britain and Germany, example coal mines
75	Philosophy that emphasized the interdependence of humans and nature, more natural setting	Romanticism
76	Hunted bears, saved the Grand canyon, kept everything natural, traveled to South America, what...	Teddy Roosevelt and John Murr
77	Old Stone Age was known as...	Paleolithic
78	New Stone Age was known as...	Neopaleolithic or Agricultural Revolution