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The
five main types of blood vessels
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are
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
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Arteries
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carry
blood away from the heart to other organs
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Small arteties
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Arterioles
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Tiny vessels
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Capillaries
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Venules
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Capillaries
within a tissue reunite to form small veins
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These
in turn merge to form progressively larger blood vessel
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Veins
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Functions of veins
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Veins
are the blood vessels that convey blood from the tissues back to the heart
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Tunica Interna (Intima)
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Composed of simple
squamous epithelium, called endothelium, which is continuous...
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Interal elastic lamina
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The
outermost part of the tunica interna, which forms the boundary between the
tunica interna...
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Tunica Media
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is a muscular and connective tissue layer that displays the
greatest variation among the...
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Tunica Media- function and characteristics
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The smooth muscle
contraction is crucial in the regulation of blood pressure blood...
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Tunica Externa
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The outer covering of a blood vessel, the tunica externa
consists of elastic and collagenous...
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Externa elastic lamina
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Separating
the tunica externa from the tunica media is a less prominent network of elastic
fibers
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vasa vasorum, or vessels to the vessels.
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small vessels that supply blood to the tissues of the vessel They are easily seen on large...
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Vascular smooth muscle is innervated by
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sympathetic nervous system
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sympathetic nervous system
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increase in stimulation causes muscle contraction or
vasoconstriction
decreases diameter...
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Elastic Arteries
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The largest arteies in body, have the largest diamter among arteries
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Elastic lamelle
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Have
well defined internal and external elastic laminae, with a thick tunica media
dominated...
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Elastic arteries include
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the
aorta and the pulmonary trunk, and the brachiocephalic, subclavian, common
carotid, and...
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Pressure reservioir
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The
elastic fibers momentarily store mechanical energy
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The
elastic fibers recoil and convert
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stored (potential) energy in the vessel into kinetic energy
of the blood.
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Muscular Arteries
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Medium-sized arteries, they
contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers.
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Muscular arteries characteristics
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Capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to
adjust the rate of blood flow....
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Anastomoses
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Most tissues of the body receive blood from more than one
artery
The alternate route...
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Arterioles
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microscopic vessels that regulate the flow of blood into the
capillary networks of the...
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The tunica media consists of one to two layers of smooth
muscle cells having a circular...
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The terminal end of the arteriole, the region called the
Metarteriole.
At the metarteriole–capillary...
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Resistance vessels
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Arterioles
play a key role in eliminating pulse pressure and regulating blood flow from
arteries...
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Capillaries
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the smallest of blood vessels, have diameters of 5–10 micro meters
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Blood cells have a diameter of
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8 mm
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Capilaries form an extensive network
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of short, branched, interconnecting vessels that course
among the individual cells of...
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Primary function of capillaries
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the exchange of substances between the blood and
interstitial fluid.
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Capillaries
are found near
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almost every cell in the body, but their number varies with
the metabolic activity of...
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The
Body Contains 3 Different Types of Capillaries
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Continous capillariesFenestrated capillariesSinusoids
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Continous capillaries
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Intercellular clefts are gaps between neighboring cellsskeletal and smooth, connective tissue...
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Fenestrated capillaries
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Plasma membranes have many holeskidneys, small intestine, choroid plexuses, ciliary process...
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Sinusiods
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very large fenestrations incomplete badement membrane liver, bone marrow, spleen, anterior...
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Venules
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Small veins collecting blood from capillaries
Tunica media contains only a few smooth...
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Veins range in size from
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0.5 mm in diameter for small veins to 3 cm in the large SVC
and IVC
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Veins lack
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both external or internal elastic laminae
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Veins have the same essential three layers as
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arteries
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The lumen of a vein is
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larger
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Vascular sinus have
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no tunica media ( smooth muscle)
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Varicose Veins
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Twisted, dilated superficial veins
caused by leaky venous valves
congenital or mechanically...
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Blood Distrubution
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Largest portion of your blood volume at rest—64 percent—is
in systemic veins and venules
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the
result is venoconstriction
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when
there is increased muscular activity, the cardiovascular center in the brain
stem sends...
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Circulatory Routes
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Circulatory routes for blood flow are parallel
Each organ receives its own supply of...
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There are two basic routes for blood flow
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Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
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Systemic Circulation
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The systemic circulation carries oxygen and nutrients to
body tissues and removes carbon...
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Pulmonary Circulation
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Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the
air sacs (alveoli) within the...
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Fetal Circulation
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There is no direct mixing of maternal and fetal blood because
all exchanges occur by diffusion...
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Aging and the Cardiovascular System
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General changes associated with aging
decreased compliance of aorta
reduction in...
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