CARBOHYDRATES

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Cards In This Set

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Carbohydrates contain:
  • Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen atoms in a (CH20) ratio
  • 1 C : 1 H20
Monosaccharides
  • Glucose or Simple sugars
  • 2 types: Aldose & Ketose which contain a carbonyl group
  • All monosaccharides are reducing sugars - can donate a free electron from the carbonyl group
  • Forms rings in aqueous solutions
  • Ex: Fructose
What reagent is used to test for Monosaccharides?
Benedict's reagent
What happens when monosaccharides react with Benedict's Reagent?
The free carbonyl group loses electrons to the copper reagent forming a red (rust orange) precipitate.
Disaccharides
  • 2 sugars covalently linked together
  • 2 monomers (monosaccharides) are joined via the removal of water - Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
  • Separating the polymer (disaccharide) requires the addition of water - Hydrolysis Reaction
  • Example 1: Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
  • Example 2: Lactose = Galactose + Glucose
  • Example 3: Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Glycosidic Linkage
  • The covalent bond between two or more carbohydrates (sugars)
Sucrose
Disaccharide composed of 50% glucose & 50% fructose. (table sugar)
How much calcium & Vitamin D per day?
  • Calcium - 1000 mg
  • Vitamin D - 15 mcg (0.15 mcg)
How is maltose (grain sugar) formed?
Enzyme activity on starch
Oligosaccharide
A few glucose molecules linked together
What is one function of oligosaccharides?
Forms glycoprotein when attached to a protein - which can serve as a cell receptor
Polysaccharide
  • Contains many glucose molecules (polymers of carbohydrates)
  • Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
Starch
  • Polysaccharides derived from plants
Branched form of starch
Amylopectin
Unbranched form of starch
Amylose