Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
When did Justinian take the throne and to what empire did he take the throne to?
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The Byzantine Empire in 527
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| 2 |
Who is Justinian's best general and what did Justinian send him to do?
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His name was Belisarius and he was sent to recover North Africa for invading Germans. Quickly...
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| 3 |
Who did Belisarius seize Rome from?
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The Ostrogoths.
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| 4 |
What was the Byzantine Government like?
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Ruled with absolute power. Headed state and the church. Brutal politics.
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| 5 |
What was the Justinian Code and what were the four works in it.
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It was a panel of laws to regulate Byzantium1. The Code- 5,000+ Roman laws.2. The Digest- Quoted...
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| 6 |
What was Justinian's most famous building project?
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The rebuilding of the crumbling fortifications of Constantinople. Was called Hagia Sophia.
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| 7 |
What was the Hippodrome?
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A place where citizens could enjoy free entertainment like chariot races and performers.
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| 8 |
What was the first crisis after Justinian's death?
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The spread of a disease that resembled the plague. Arrived from India from rat infested ships...
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| 9 |
Describe the different attacks that took place after Justinian's death.
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Lombards overran them int he west. Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars raided the north. Sassanid Persians...
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| 10 |
Describe the attacks on Constantinople
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First the Persians and Avars struck, then the Arabs twice, and then The Russians three times.
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| 11 |
How did the Byzantine keep off the enemies for a short while?
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Bribes, diplomacy, political marriages, and military power. Was eventually shranken into nothing...
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| 12 |
What is a patriarch?
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The leading bishop.
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| 13 |
What is an icon?
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A religious image used by Christian's to aid their devotions.
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| 14 |
What is an excommunication?
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Being declared an outcast from a certain group.
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| 15 |
How did Christianity eventually split?
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After many disagreements, Christianity split to the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the...
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| 16 |
What is the Cyrillic Alphabet?
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The language in which most Slavic languages are written in. Invented by Saint Methodius and...
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| 17 |
Describe Russia's geography.
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Located west of the Ural mountains. Hilly grasslands in the south, densely forested in the...
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| 18 |
Who was Russia's first king and what important city did he find?
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Rurik founded Novgorod.
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| 19 |
Who is Vladimir?
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Came to throne and considered conversion to Christianity. Sent out people to investigate it....
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| 20 |
How did Vladimir expand the city of Kiev in Russia?
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Expanded it into Poland and north to the Baltic Sea.
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| 21 |
Who succeeded Vladimir?
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Yaroslav the Wise succeeded Vladimir and lead Kiev to greater glory. Created a legal code,...
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| 22 |
Describe the Mongol invasions.
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Were famous for Brutality. Demolished Kiev and took over Russia.
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| 23 |
Describe Mongolian rule in Russia.
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Citizens could follow normal customs as long as they didn't rebelled. All religious were accepted....
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| 24 |
Who was Alexander Nevsky?
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Novgorod's prince and military hero who advised his princes to cooperate with the Mongols.
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| 25 |
How did Rome break free of the Mongols?
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Ivan III regused to pay any more tribute, and after a stalemate of no one making the first...
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| 26 |
How did the Abbasids fail to control their empire?
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Spain broke away after six years. After setting up their capital in Baghdad, they lost Morocco,...
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| 27 |
How did the Abbasids train the Turkish children?
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Bought Turkish children as slaves, train as soldiers, and employ as body guards. Prized their...
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| 28 |
Who were the Seljuks?
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One of the first migrating Turkish families that converted to Islam and joined the Abbasid...
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| 29 |
Who was the founded of the Seljuk Dynasty and where did he choose for the capital?
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Toghril Beg chose the Persian city of Isfahan as the capital.
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| 30 |
Who was the prime minister (vizier)?
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Nizam al-Mulk
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| 31 |
Who was the most famous Seljuk sultan?
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Malik Shah.
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| 32 |
How did the Seljuks adopt Persian ways?
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Adopted their alphabet, Persian writing and poetry, most of their culture and religion, &...
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| 33 |
Describe the First Crusade.
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Pope Urban II launched it. Called the Christians to drive the Turks out of Anatolia, &...
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| 34 |
Describe the Mongol attacks.
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Mongols slaughtered everything in their way, but had trouble taking Baghdad. Eventually did...
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| 35 |
What caused major changes that altered the western Roman Empire?
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Repeated invasions and constant warfare.
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| 36 |
What were the changes?
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-Disruption of Trade: Merchants faced invasions from land and sea. Businesses collapsed,...
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| 37 |
How did education decline?
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Few people were literate. Knowledge of Greek was lost.
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| 38 |
How did the concept of government change?
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Germans ruled with unwritten rules. The Chief led a band of warriors who pledged their loyalty...
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| 39 |
Who help power in Gaul and who was their leader?
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The Germanic Franks ruled Gaul, led by Clovis.
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| 40 |
What were some of the ways Christianity was spread?
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The Church converted many Germanic rules. Missionaries also spread it.
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| 41 |
What were monasteries?
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Religious communities where Christian men called monks gave up their possessions and devoted...
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| 42 |
Who was Benedict and Scholastica?
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Benedict wrote a book about rules for monasteries. Scholastica headed a convent and adapted...
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| 43 |
What were some of Gregory I's achievements?
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Broadened the authority of the papacy (pope's office.) Made if become secular (a world power.)...
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| 44 |
Who was Major Domo and what did he do?
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Charles Martel.Became the most powerful person in the Frankish community. Defeated Muslim raiders...
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| 45 |
Who succeeded Charles Martel?
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His son Pepin the Short.
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| 46 |
What was Pepin the Shorts greatest achievement?
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Defeating the Lombards and creating the start of the Carolingian Empire.
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| 47 |
Who succeeded Pepin the Short's sons?
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Charlemagne.
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| 48 |
Describe Charlemagne's empire.
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Conquered new lands and spread Christianity in the process. Saved the Pope and was crowned...
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| 49 |
What happened to Louis the Pious's sons?
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Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German fought over control of the empire. Signed the...
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| 50 |
Describe the Vikings.
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From Scandinavia. Raided everything. Slaughtered anybody in their way. Had great ships and...
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| 51 |
What is a lord?
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A landowner in the middle ages.
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| 52 |
What is a fief?
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A grant of land.
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| 53 |
What is a vassal?
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The person receiving a fief.
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| 54 |
Describe the relationship between lords, fiefs, and vassals.
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Lords will grant fiefs in exchange for military service.
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| 55 |
Describe the Feudal pyramid.
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-King-Most powerful Vassals, wealthy landowners, nobles, bishops.-Knights-Peasants
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| 56 |
What is a knight?
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Mounted horsemen who pledged to defend their lord's lands in exchange for fiefs.
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| 57 |
What were serfs?
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People who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born. Bound to the land. Their...
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| 58 |
What was a manor?
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The lord's estate.
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| 59 |
Describe the taxes in the Middle Ages.
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Taxed on all grain, marriage, and a church tax called a tithe. A tithe was 1/10 of their income.
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| 60 |
What changed the warfare in Europe?
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Leather saddles and stirrups.
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| 61 |
Describe the Knight's Code of Chivalry.
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demanded that a knight devoted himself to his feudal lord, his heavenly Lord, and his chosen...
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| 62 |
Describe Knight's training.
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Sent off at age 7 to become a page and wait on his hosts. Became a squire at age 14 and was...
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| 63 |
What were tournaments?
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Mock battles that combined recreation with combat training.
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| 64 |
What were troubadours?
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Traveling poet-musicians.
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| 65 |
What was a noblewomen's role?
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Could inherit an estate from her husband. Could have a say on where the knights went with permission....
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| 66 |
What was a peasant woman's role?
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Had endess labor at home and in the fields. Were expected to bore children and take care of...
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| 67 |
What was the clergy?
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Church organization.
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| 68 |
What was a sacrament?
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Important religious ceremonies.
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| 69 |
What was canon law?
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Church law.
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| 70 |
Who headed the Holy Roman Empire after Charlemagne?
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Otto the great.
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| 71 |
What was lay investiture?
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A ceremony in which kinds and nobles appointed church officials.
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