Blood Module Flashcards

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11 cards   |   Total Attempts: 189
  

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What is the correct order of erythropoietis?
Haemopoietic stem cells, proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatic erythroblasts, (at this point, cell division stops and nucleus is lost), reticulocytes, then mature erythrocytes
What are the NZ adult blood haemoglobin reference ranges?
Female: 115 - 165 g/L Male: 130-180 g/LN.B: Mild anaemia >100 g/L, Moderate anaemia 80-100 g/L, Severe < 80 g/L
Common symptoms of anaemia?
Fatigue, short of breath, increased HR, feeling cold, pallor of mucous membranes
-cytic and -chromic refer to what when describing anaemias?
-cytic refers to cell size and -chromic refers to cell haemoglobin content. (N.B. that there is no such thing as hyperchromic anaemia)
3 main causes of anaemia?
Blood loss, impaired erythropoietis and increased haemolysis
Iron deficiency and thalassaemias lead to what type of anaemia?
Hypochromic microcytic anaemia.
What are thalassaemias?
Reduced production of the alpha or beta globin chain (genetic)
Most important cause of macrocytic anaemia?
Megaloblastic anaemia (delayed and abnormal maturation of all cells in the bone marrow and other tissues caused by a deficiency in vitamins required for nucleic acid metabolism).N.B. also caused by liver disease and increased erythropoietis
6 causes of Normocytic Normochromic anaemias?
Haemorrhage, chronic disease, renal failure, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias
Main factor in Anaemia of Chronic Disease?
Change in iron availability (due to the release of iron from macrophages - main storage site - to transferrin being reduced OR reduced response to erythropoietin)
How does the body respond to haemolysis and haemolytic anaemias?
There is reduced red cell survival in the circulation causing the marrow to respond by increasing erythropoiesis. As a result, there is a raised reticulocyte count.