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Cards In This Set
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What are the two components of blood composition?
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Plasma and Formed (Cellular) Elements
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What is plasma and what does it contain?
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Liquid portion of the blood.
Contains solutes, gases and plasma proteins
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What kinds of solutes and gases does the plasma contain?
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Nutrients (Glu, A.a.)
Wastes (uream lactate)
O2, CO2, N2
Elecytrolytes (Na, Cl, K)
Plasma Proteins
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What are the three major plasma proteins?
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Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
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Which plasms protein:
1. Is most abundant?
2. Is produced in liver & lymph tissues?
3. Is a lipid transport?
4. Major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure?
5. Involved in blood clotting formation through the formation of fibrin fibers?
6. Is a carrier for various substances?
7. Is a steroid transport?
8. Involved in immunity (antibodies)?
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1. Albumin
2. Globulin
3. Globulin
4. Albumin
5. Fibrinogen
6. Albumin
7. Globulin
8. Globulin
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What are the 3 blood cell types?
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Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
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What do the erythrocytes lack?
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Nuclei
Mitochondria
Organelles
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What is the function of erythrocytes?
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Oxygen delivery & CO2 removal
Reversible binding with haemoglobin
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What is Hemocrit?
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The fracional contribution of erythrocytes to the blood (at the bottom of test tube after centrifugion because they are more dense).
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What is the Buffy Coat
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A thin layer of leukocytes and platelets between plasma and erythrocytes.
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Hemoglobin
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Protein molecule in the erythrocytes that have high affinity for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Carbonic Anhydrase
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Protein molecule in the erythrocytes that have affinity for carbon dioxide only.
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What is the most abundant protein in erythrocytes?
What is it composed of? What does each sub-unit contain?
What gives the the blood the red colour?
To what part on the hemoglobin does the oxygen bind?
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Hemoglobin
4 polypeptide chains of two types (2 alpha and 2 beta) each of which has an iron-containing ring structure (heme group).
Globin protein: Alpha and Beta
The Fe2+ molecule contained in heme group.
The Fe2+ is the site to which a molecule of oxygen binds.
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How long do Erythrocytes live in bloodstream?
What is the process of erythrocyte production with the bone marrow called?
What organ removes dead erythrocytes?
How are erythrocytes produced?
What are two types of synthetic EPO and what do they do?
When the erythrocyte is engulfed by macrophages in kidney, what happens then?
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120 days
Erythropoiesis
Spleen and liver: old erythrocytes are engulfed by macrophages.
PRODUCTION:
-Erythropoietin is released from kindeys when low oxygen concentration is detected. It then travels to the bone marrow. In the bone marrow, it triggers differentiation of pluripotent cells to erythrocytes. During differentiation, erythrocytes lose their organelles and nuclei and produce Hemoglobin.
Darbepoietin & Epoeitin: stimulate erythropoiesis, used abused by atheletes and used as treatement for illnesses.
In spleen: Macrophages destroy erythrocytes and the hemoglobin is also catabolized. After iron is removed, the resulting heme is converted to bilirubin (a yellow component), which is released into the bloodstream and gives a yellow colour.
Bilirubin --> Liver --> Bile --> blood stream
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What is anemia?
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Condition where there is a low oxygen capacity in blood: whether it is because of
1. reduction in erythrocytes in the blood or
2. reduction in the amount of hemoglobin per cell.
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