Biology Midterm Part 3

41 cards

BIO 115: Chap ter 5-7﷯

Created Oct 20, 2009
by rharris

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	Side A	Side B
1	integral membrane proteins	have hydrophobic domains and pentrate the phospholipid bilayer
2	peripheral membrane proteins	lack hydrophobic domains and are not embedded in the bilayer
3	transmembrane proteins	integral membrane proteins that protrude on both sides of the membrane
4	membrane carbohydrates	located on the outer surface of the membrane and serve as recognition sites for other cells...
5	glycolipids	a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a lipid
6	glycoproteins	a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a protein
7	cell recognition	one cell specifically binds to another cell of a certain type
8	cell adhesion	the connection between the two cells is strengthened
9	cell junctions	specialized structures that hold cells together (tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions)
10	tight junctions	help ensure directional movement of materials
11	desmosomes	"spot welds"
12	gap junctions	allow communication
13	passive transport	diffusion, no outside energy required
14	active transport	energy required
15	diffusion	random movement toward a state of equilibrium.. net movement from regions of greater concentration...
16	simple diffusion	small molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer
17	osmosis	diffusion process where water molecules are abundant enough and small enough that they move...
18	isotonic solutions	equal solute concentrations
19	hypertonic solution	has a higher solute concentration than the other solution with which it is being compared (lose...
20	hypotonic solutions	has a lower solute concentration than the other solution with which it is being compared (take...
21	turgor pressure	keeps plants upright and it is the driving force for the enlargement of plant cells.
22	facilitated diffusion	integral membrane proteins may form channels, binding to a membrane protein called a carrier...
23	active transport	opposite of diffusion- against concentration gradient
24	uniport	single substance in one direction
25	symport	moves two substances in the same direction
26	antiport	moves two substances in opposite directions. (ex. sodium-potassium pump)
27	primary active transport	requires the direct participation of ATP
28	secondary active transport	does not use ATP directly.. energy supplied from primary active transport
29	endocytosis	bring into the eukaryotic cell (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis)
30	exocytosis	materials secreted out of a cell when the vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane
31	aquaporins	water enters the cells through these special water channels
32	ATP	an energy-storage compound containing adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groupls. useful energy....
33	catalysts	speed up the rate of the reaction- most are enzymes (proteins) that act as a framework in which...
34	activation energy	the amount of energy required to start the reaction
35	induced fit	enzymes change shape when they bind to a substrate
36	fuels	molecules whose stored energy can be release for use (most common is glucose)
37	glucose oxidation if O2 is present	glycolosis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain
38	glucose oxidation if O2 is not present	pyruvate is metabolized in fermentation
39	coenzyme NAD	electron carrier in redox reactions (NAD+ is oxidized and NADH + H+ is reduced)
40	kinase	an enzyme that catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate
41	substrate-level phosphorylation	enzyme-catalyzed transfer of a phosphate group to ADP