Flashcard Set Preview
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What is genetics?
What is heredity?
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the study of heredity
the transmission of traits from parent to offspring
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What are traits?
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characteristics passed on from parents to kids. at least 2 genes for each trait.
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Gregor Mendel
What is a pure trait?
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Father of genetics.
always produces offspring with that trait. result of all dom or recess...
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Allele
Dom. Trait
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one of a set of genes that controls a trait
prevents another trait from appearing, stronger...
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Homozygous
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paired genes for a specific trait are identical - TT or tt
paired genes for a specific trait...
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Recess. Trait
Genes
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trait that doesnt appear when dom. trait is present.
unit of heredity, passed from parent...
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Phenotype
Genotype
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outward appearence of a trait
actual genes present in a trait, genetic makeup of an organism
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Hybrid
Punnett Square
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trait that is the result of a combination of dom and recess genes.
used to show possible...
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Monohybrid cross
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when only one pair of contrasting traits are considered. genotypic ratio-1:2:1. phenotypic...
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Dihybrid cross
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when 2 pairs of traits are considered. the result of 9 different genotypes. the phenotypic...
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Parental generation
First Filial Generation
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P1- original pure trait parents TT x tt
F1- resulting hybrid offspring Tt
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Second Filial Generation
Incomplete dominance
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F2- cross of 2 hybrids Tt x Tt
occurs when 2 inherited traits combine and show up as a third...
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Mutation
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Sudden genetic change where a gene is not copied correctly or chromosomes do not segregate
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Mutant
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organisms expressing a mutated gene
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Gene Mutation
Mutagens
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also called POINT MUTATION only a single gene
cause mutations; present in natural environments
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Mutagenis Agents
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tar, food, additives, radiation, viruses, some chemicals, etc.
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How many genetic diseases are in humans and what can they cause?
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3,000 genetic diseases that can cause blood disease, crippling, retardation and even death....
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Recessive Disorders
Dominant Disorders
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Cystic Fibrosis, Syckle cell
Huntingtons
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Sexlinked Disorders
Other
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muscular distrophy, colorblindness, homophilia - recessive on the x
Trisomy
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Male sex chromosomes
Female sex chromosome
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XY
XX
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Pedigree
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record of an organism's ancestors therefore, gives clues to the kinds of traits that may be...
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Phenylkentonuria (PKU)
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amino acid phenylalanine
disease lacks enzyme PAH which brks down a.a. phenylalanine into...
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Meiosis
Crossing over
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kind of cell division that produces sex cells.
Exchanging DNA segment during meiosis
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Total chromosome #, 2n
Half the number of chromosomes
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diploid
Haploid
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Karyotype
Deletion
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photgraph of chroms. of a cell arranged in the homologous pairs
chrome. alteration caused...
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Outbreeding
Inbreeding
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crossing of distantly related strains
crossing of closely related organisms to maintain...
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Polyploidy
Inversion
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Use of high frequency sound waves to produce an image of the fetus
changes in the heredity...
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Nondisjunction
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chromosomal alteration resulting in gametes w/ 1 or more or 1 less than normal # of chromes....
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Translocation
Plasmids
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A chromosomal alternation involving the transfer of a chromosome segmentto a nonhomolog
small...
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