Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Define adhesion
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Attraction of water molecules to the walls of xylem
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| 2 |
How is water taken in from the soil?
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Epidermis root hair cells absorb mineral from soil by active transport using ATP.Minerals reduce...
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| 3 |
How is water moved across the root?
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Movement is driven by an active process that occurs at the endodermis.Endodermis also known...
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| 4 |
What is the apoplast pathway?
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Pathway through the cell walls.Cellulose cell walls have many water filled spaces which water...
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| 5 |
What is the symplast pathway?
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Pathway through plasma membrane into cell cytoplasm. Can then pass through plasmodesmata...
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| 6 |
What is the vacuolar pathway?
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Like symplast but water is not confined to cytoplasm of cells.Able to enter and pass through...
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| 7 |
What is the purpose of the casparian strip?
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Blocks apoplast pathway between cortex and xylem.Forces dissolved nitrate ions to pass into...
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| 8 |
What three processes help move water up the stem?
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Root pressureTranspiration pullCapillary action
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| 9 |
How does root pressure help move water?
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The endodermis actively pulling water into xylem pushes water up the xylem. This root pressure...
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| 10 |
How does transpiration pull help move water?
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Loss of water at top of leaf needs to be replaced.Water molecules are attracted to each other...
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| 11 |
How does capillary action help pull water up?
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Adhesion pulls water molecules up the side of the vessel.
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| 12 |
How does water leave the leaf?
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Most leaves through stomata, pores in epidermis.Tiny amount leaves through cuticle.Water evaporates...
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| 13 |
What is a xerophyte?
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A plant that is adapted to reduce water loss so that it can survive in very dry conditions
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| 14 |
How can plants reduce water loss generally?
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Waxy cuticle on leaf -> reduce evaporationStomata under surface of leavesStomata close at...
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| 15 |
How do xerophytes reduce water loss from leaves?
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Smaller leaves -> needle shaped (Reduced SA)Densely packed spongy mesophyll reduces air...
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| 16 |
Name five ways Marram grass reduces water loss
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Leaf rolled up to trap air insideThick waxy cuticleTrapped air insideHairs on lower surfaceStomata...
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| 17 |
Define translocation
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The transport of assimilates throughout the plant in the phloem tissue
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| 18 |
Define Source
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A source releases SUCROSE into the phloem
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| 19 |
Define sink
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Removes SUCROSE from the phloem
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| 20 |
How do you describe the movement of water down a gradient?
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Water diffuses down a potential gradient
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| 21 |
How does sucrose enter the phloem?
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By an active processATP is used to actively transport hydrogen ions out of their cytoplasm...
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| 22 |
How does sucrose move along the phloem sieve tube at the source?
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Sucrose lowers water potential in sieve tube moving water in by osmosis from surrounding tissue,...
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| 23 |
How does the sucrose move along the phloem sieve tube at the sink?
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Sucrose used in cells around phloem.Sucrose may be stored as strarch for storeage or in respiration.This...
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| 24 |
What is mass flow?
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Movement of assimilates by water due to hydrostatic pressure up or down the plant
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| 25 |
Where are some sources in a plant?
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Leaves when sugars are made by photosynthesis are converted to sucrose - except spring when...
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| 26 |
What is active loading?
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The process in which hydrogen ions are removed from the companion cell by active transport,...
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| 27 |
What is ringing?
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Cutting a ring of bark on a tree
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| 28 |
What happens during ringing?
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As the phloem is in the bark sucrose from the sieve moves down but collects around the cut...
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| 29 |
How do we know the phloem is used in translocation?
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Plant supplied with carbon tracer soon appears in phloem.Ringing a treeAn aphid feeding on...
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| 30 |
How do we know metabolic energy is used? (ATP)
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Companion cells have many mitochondriaMetabolic poison inhibits translocationRate of flow of...
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| 31 |
How do we know it uses this mechanism?
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pH of companion cells is higher than that of surrounding cellsConcentration of sucrose is higher...
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| 32 |
Is there evidence against this mechanism?
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Not all solutes in phloem sap move at same rateSucrose is moved to all parts of plant at same...
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| 33 |
What is square, has dirty shape fetishes and smells like toast?
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Dan Crouchman
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