Biology 1 Chapter 1 and 2 Test

Freeman chapter 1 and 2


1 Biology and the tree of life

45 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

Front Back
Cell theory
1 all organisms are made up of cells

2 all cells come from pre-existing cells
Natural selection
 when the heritable variation in a population affords individuals of certain heritable traits increased success in producing offspring then those traits become more common in the population over time.


In this way populations characteristics change as a result of natural selection acting on individuals.
Under what conditions is natural selection possible?
a. Individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are heritable.
b. Certain heritable traits help individuals survive and produce offspring.
phylogenetic tree
A graphical representation of the evolutionary history relationships between species.
analysis done according to shared traits and/or ssu RNA
the tree starts with a central ancestor and its branches show points when
how are organisms arranged on the phylogenic tree?
 Relationships can be estimated by analyzing similarities and differences in traits (rNA analysis). Species that share distinctive traits are closely related and are places close to eachother on the tree of life
What are the 5 fundamental traits of living organisms?
1. Organisms acquire and use energy. 2. Organisms are made up of membrane-bound cells. 3. Organisms have hereditary information encoded in genes. 4. Organisms can reproduce. 5. Populations of organisms evolve.
How does Pasteur's experiment support the cell theory?
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Describe Pasteur's experiment.
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Could microorganisms arise spontanteously in nutrient rich broth?
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What were the important variables that pasteur kept consistant in is experiment
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If the spontaneous experiment had held true, how would this have affected pasteur's experiment?
both flasks will have cells
what does the all cells from all cells hypothesis say about the outcome of pasteur's experiment?  
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Define population
All individuals in an isolated population should be from a single ancestry. Also all multicellular org are from one cell.

All unicellular individuals in a population of are related by ancestry.
ex. a closed pond of water.(single celled organisms clones?)

All cells in a multicellular organism are descended from the same ancestral cell.ex: a human being and an embryo
Define Evolution
Evolution is the process of change in characteristics of a population over time as the process of natural selection modifies these traits on individuals within the population generation to generation.
The theory of evolution also says all species are related by common ancestry.
define heritable
Traits that are are passed from one generation to the next.
It can be passed on to the next generation.