Flashcard Set Preview
| Side A | Side B | ||
| 1 |
What are some Mechanical barriers to infection?
|
1) Skin. 2) Mucosal surfaces including ciliary escalator. 3) Flow of bodily fluids...
|
|
| 2 |
What are some Chemical barriers to infection?
|
1) Stomach acid and liver bile. 2) Proteins, enzymes. 3) White blood cells (leukocytes). ...
|
|
| 3 |
Proteins, enzymes (involved in chemicals)
|
1) Lysozyme. 2) Peroxidase. 3) Lactoferrin and transferring. 4) Defensins
|
|
| 4 |
What are Lactoferrin and transferring?
|
Iron-binding proteins
|
|
| 5 |
What are Defensins?
|
Peptides that disrupt membrane function
|
|
| 6 |
White blood cells are also called?
|
Leukocytes
|
|
| 7 |
What are some types of leukocytes
|
1) Granulocytes. 2) Mononuclear phagocytes. 3) Lymphocytes.
|
|
| 8 |
What are some Granulocytes?
|
1) Neutrophils. 2) Eosinophils. 3) Basophils.
|
|
| 9 |
Describe Neutrophils
|
Main phagocytes involved in acute infections; short-life span.
|
|
| 10 |
Describe Eosinophils
|
Involved in inflammation; expelling parasitic worms.
|
|
| 11 |
Describe Basophils
|
Involved in allergic reactions.
|
|
| 12 |
What are some Mononuclear phagocytes?
|
1) Monocytes. 2) Macrophages. 3) Dendritic cells.
|
|
| 13 |
What type of life span do Mononuclear phagocytes have?
|
Long life span
|
|
| 14 |
Where are the monocytes located?
|
blood stream
|
|
| 15 |
Describe Macrophages
|
Differentiated monocytes. Found in all tissues.
|
|
| 16 |
Describe Dendritic cells.
|
Develop in adaptive immunity.
|
|
| 17 |
What are Lymhocytes involved in?
|
Involved in adaptive immunity
|
|
| 18 |
What are some Lymphocytes?
|
1) T Cells. 2) B Cells. 3) Natural killer cells
|
|
| 19 |
Describe Natural killer cells
|
Kill abnormal cells on contact
|
|
| 20 |
What are the stages of phaogocytosis?
|
1) Adherence. 2) Ingestion into phagosomes. 3) Fusion of phagosome with lysosome. ...
|
|
| 21 |
What are Cytokines?
|
Host cell proteins involved in cell communication by binding to cell surface receptors.
|
|
| 22 |
What are some Cytokines?
|
1) Interleukins. 2) Interferons. 3) Colony-stimulating factor. 4) Tumor necrosis...
|
|
| 23 |
Describe Interleukins
|
Multiple functions; "between leukocytes.
|
|
| 24 |
What are colony-stimulating factors?
|
Growth factors.
|
|
| 25 |
What are Sensor systems?
|
Toll-like receptors and NOD proteins alert cells to presence of microbes.
|
|
| 26 |
The Complement system is what?
|
A series of blood proteins (C1-9)
|
|
| 27 |
How are Complement Systems Activated?
|
Activated by several pathways. 1) Alternative pathway. 2) Lectin pathway. ...
|
|
| 28 |
Describe Alternative pathways
|
Binding to cell surfaces
|
|
| 29 |
Describe Lectin pathways
|
mannan-binding lectins.
|
|
| 30 |
Describe classical pathways
|
Antigen-antibody complexes
|
|
| 31 |
What are the outcomes of complement activation?
|
1) Inflammation and attraction of phagocytes. 2) Opsonization. 3) Formation of...
|
|
| 32 |
Define Opsonization.
|
Promotion of phagocytosis.
|
|
| 33 |
What does Membrane Attach Complexes (MAC) do?
|
Lyse foreign cells.
|
|
| 34 |
What do the sensors of dsRNA do?
|
1) Induces alpha and beta interferons. 2) Interferons signal neighboring cells to synthesis...
|
|
| 35 |
What is inflammation?
|
Vasoactive substances such as histamine cause vasodilation.
|
|
| 36 |
What are some examples of vasoactive substances like histamines causing vasodilations?
|
1) Redness, swelling, heat and pain. 2) Phagocytes can migrate through blood vessels.
|
|
| 37 |
What is Diapedesis?
|
Phagocytes can migrate through blood vessels.
|
|
| 38 |
What is Fever?
|
1) Cytokine causes hypothalamus of brain to raise body temperature. 2) Pyrogens may be...
|
|
| 39 |
What can Pyrogens be?
|
1) Endogenous. 2) Exogenous.
|
|
| 40 |
Define Endogenous
|
Host specific
|
|
| 41 |
Define Exogenous
|
Endotoxin
|
No comments yet! Be the first to add a comment below!
Please login to post comments.
After login, we will forward you back to this flashcard.