Choose the Correct Option for the Following Biomolecule Terms Flashcards

1. The monomers of DNA and RNA are a. amino acids. b. monosaccharides. c. nucleotides. d. fatty acids. e. nucleic acids.

1. DNA replication a. occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. b. results in the formation of four new DNA strands. c. produces two daughter DNA molecules that are complementary to each other. d. uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. e. begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments.

1. If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be A) GCCTAG. B) CGGTAC. C) GCCAUC. D) TAACGT. E) GCCAUG.

1. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand? A) helicase B) primase C) ligase D) single-stranded binding protein E) DNA polymerase

1. Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? a. because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule b. because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule c. because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction d. because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction e. because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' end

1. Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? a. RNA → DNA → RNA → protein b. DNA → RNA → protein c. protein → RNA → DNA d. DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein e. DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein

1. Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are a. single nucleotides. b. two-nucleotide sequences. c. three-nucleotide sequences. d. nucleotide sequences of various lengths. e. enzymes.

1. Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA? a. elongation of the growing RNA molecule b. termination of the RNA molecule c. addition of nucleotides to the DNA template d. initiation of a new RNA molecule e. initiation of a new polypeptide chain

1. Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells? a. on the plasma membrane b. in the nucleus c. in the cytoplasm d. in chromatophores e. in the cell wall

1. Which of the following takes place during translation? a. the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins b. the conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides c. the addition of nucleotides to a DNA template d. the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes e. DNA replication

1. Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a reading frame mutation? a. The dog dog did not eat. b. The did dog not eat. c. The dod idn ote at. d. The did not eat. e. The dog did dog did not eat.

1. A base substitution mutation in a gene does not always result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this? a. the fact that the mutation affects only the sequence of the protein's amino acids, so the protein stays the same b. the double-ring structure of adenine and guanine c. a correcting mechanism that is part of the mRNA molecule d. the fact that such mutations are usually accompanied by a complementary deletion e. the fact that some amino acids are specified from more than one codon

1. When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as A) cloned DNA. B) recombinant DNA. C) a vector. D) a plasmid. E) a DNA library.

1. The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines A) gene cloning. B) plasmid transformation. C) clonal selection. D) tissue culturing. E) plasmolysis.

1. In the process of human gene cloning using recombinant plasmids, the bacterial plasmid A) functions as a vector. B) is the source of the gene to be cloned. C) is cultured inside the human cell, which contains the gene to be cloned. D) is used to insert the human gene into the bacterial chromosome. E) comes from the same organism as the gene of interest.