Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Culture
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Strategy by which humans
adapt to the natural
...
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| 2 |
what makes culture possible?
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biology makes cultural
possible- biological basis
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| 3 |
Human Biology
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– study of humans from point
of view of their
...
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| 4 |
Cultural Anthropology
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study all aspects of behavior
...
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| 5 |
Ethnographies
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catalogs of human behavior:
...
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| 6 |
Medical Anthropology
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explore various aspects of
the relationship
...
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| 7 |
Ethnobotany
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study of plants in an
ethnograph context
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go...
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| 8 |
Archeology
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classical
arch/prehistoric/historica
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reconstruction...
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| 9 |
Archeology address questions like ....
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address questions like
developments of agriculture,...
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| 10 |
Physical/Biological
Anthropology
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human biology within and
evolution
framework-general...
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| 11 |
Evolution
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change thru time (general
meaning)
(exact
meaning)- genetic change in pop. From one...
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| 12 |
Evolution occurs is a fact?
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yes
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| 13 |
Biocultureal Evolution
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Biology makes culture
possible, developing culture further influences the direction of biological
evolution
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| 14 |
Origins of Physical Anthro
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built on study of huan
biological variation
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| 15 |
Petrus Camper
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(1722-1789) 1st to
descibe ape anatomy
...
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| 16 |
Johan Blumenbach
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(1752-1840)- Founder of
Anthropology
...
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| 17 |
Johan Blumenbach
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in 1790 defined
...
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| 18 |
Morphology
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Study of shape of
anatomical structure (like length)
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| 19 |
Monogenists
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Camper and Blumenbach
considered Biblical
...
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| 20 |
Polygenist
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view that all humans
descended from 1 or more pairs
...
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| 21 |
Ales Hrdlicka
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1st American
physical anthropologist
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| 22 |
Earnest Hooton
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also American phsical anthropologist
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| 23 |
Anthropometry and
Osteometry
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measures of living body or
bones
...
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| 24 |
Cephalometrics and
Craniometrics
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measurements of living skull
and bone
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| 25 |
Primatology
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a subdivision
living/ extinct – fossils and
Subfossils (recently
...
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| 26 |
Human Biology
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a subdivision living/ extinct
...
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| 27 |
Paleoanthropology
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a subdivision
fossils and culture-
Paleoanthropologists
F. Clark Howell- Father of
Paleoanthropology...
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| 28 |
5 Areas of Interest
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1. Age of earth
2. Possibility of chage
3. Level...
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| 29 |
Preons
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proteins in brain- could
become modified and reproduces other modified proteins like it,...
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| 30 |
Why is age of earth a
problem for anthro?
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Conflicts with book of
genesis
Every society has discussion
of how earth came to be-...
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| 31 |
Plato
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(4th century BC)
philosopher- 1 world is intelligible and consits of ideal forms- tangeble...
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| 32 |
Metaphysical dualism
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Plato- imagination
The tangible- real things,
perceptible ideals, imperfect copies of your...
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| 33 |
can’t have evolution
without...
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variation
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| 34 |
Special Creation
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Christian Theology adopted plato’s concept to
literal interpretation of the Book of...
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| 35 |
Aristotle
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(4th cent. BC)
Philosopher
-looked...
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| 36 |
scala naturae
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pple reasoned that since
order is superior to disorder, God’s creations must fit a pattern,
everything...
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| 37 |
Naturalist role
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catalog links and
discover order to
understand
God’s plan
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| 38 |
Aristotle’s origin of life ideas 4 things
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Every species that could
exist did
·
All...
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| 39 |
Aristotle wrote about...
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wrote about Comparative
Anatomy and
Spontaneous...
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| 40 |
where did people think things came from for 1700 yrs?
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Agreement
for around 1700 years = small organisms arose out of nothing= Spontaneous Generation
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| 41 |
Anaximander
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greek philosopher 2500 BC
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Gradual evolution and
transformation...
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| 42 |
St. Thomas Aquinas
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1225-1274 AD
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Lived in monestaries
access to...
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| 43 |
Galeleo
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early 1600’s revives
Copernicus’s theory that sun is center of universe 1540 AD
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| 44 |
Newton and Descartes
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1600's helped develop strictly
mechanistic
...
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| 45 |
Fransisco Redi
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1668 – 1st person
to test Spontaneous Generation
...
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| 46 |
Arch Bishop Usher
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1650 Determines age of
earth created in 4004 BC oct. 23 directly form book of genesis
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| 47 |
John Lightfoot
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determined that it was
Sunday oct 23 4004 at 9:00 am literal interpretation of bible
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| 48 |
John Ray
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1691 in his book “ the wisdom of God manidested in works
of creation”
...
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| 49 |
Teleology
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(John Ray ) structure of
organisms is formed for special purpose
-now possible to investigate
nature...
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| 50 |
Carlus (Linne’)
Linnaeus
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(1707-78)
from Sweden then Holland
-wrote Sytema
Naturae-...
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| 51 |
Binomial Nomenclature
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1. – latin names for species
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| 52 |
Monogenesist
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believed
in adam and eve, not evolutionary Carlus (Linne’)
Linnaeus
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| 53 |
1. Nested hierarchy
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family, genus, species
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| 54 |
taxonomy
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Carlus Lineaus system
based on nested hierarchies
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| 55 |
type specimen/
concept of type
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example of animal to
represent that group- to stop ppl from submitting fake animals Carlus...
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| 56 |
Count Buffon
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1707-1788
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head of royal botanical
gardens in...
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| 57 |
Count Buffon
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Wrote “Histoire
Naturelle: Generale et particualire”...
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| 58 |
Count Buffon
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suggested all humans could be divided into four groups on basis of climate, food, customs (...
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| 59 |
Count Buffon
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Only person to say that different forms had arisen by adaptations- varieties not new species
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| 60 |
Erasmus Darwin
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1731-1802
-Grandfather of
Charles...
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| 61 |
James Hutton
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late 1700’s – farmer,
geologist
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had idea...
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| 62 |
Therory of
Uniformitarianism
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2 opposing types of
rock/ sediments, Igneous (builds...
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| 63 |
Jean- Baptise lamarck
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1744-1829
-1st
proponent of organic...
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| 64 |
Theory of Acquired characteristics
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Jean- Baptise lamarck
ex: giraffe necks grow to
read taller tress passed on to next...
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| 65 |
1st proponent of
organis evolution – everyone before him believed in fixity of species
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Jean- Baptise lamarck
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| 66 |
George Cuvier
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1769- 1832
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hates lemarck
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father...
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| 67 |
Theory of Catastrophism
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George Cuvier -
events are regional in
scope, kills...
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| 68 |
Diluvium
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events are regional in scope, kills everything with re-population from neighboring areas like...
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| 69 |
Charles Lyell
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1797-1875
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founder of Modern
Geology
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wrote...
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| 70 |
Thomas Malthus
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1706-1834
Wrote “an essay on
principles of popultation”
...
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