Animal and Plant Cell Terminology

Descriptions of the parts of the cell.

18 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

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Flagellum
Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane
Centrosome
Region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles (function unknown)
Cytoskeleton
Reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein. includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Microvilli
Projections that increase the cell's surface area
Peroxisome
Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water
Mitochondrion
Organelle where cellular repsiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Lysosome
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Golgi apparatus
Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Ribosomes
Complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
Membrane enclosing the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with the ER
Nucleolus
Nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
Chromatin
Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
Central vacuole
(plant cell) functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement is a major mechanism of plant growth