Animal Behavior Exam 3

Animal behavior- Psychology 300

27 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

Front Back
Parental care
is defined as parental investment that is made after parturition (birth or laying). this is seen as shelter, provision young with food, protection. results: conflict, individual recognition, cheaters
Male care givers
often associated with external fertilization. For example, male care is more common in fish and frogs than in most other groups of animals.
Conflict
Sibling conflict, parent conflict with offspring
Results of parental care
Conflict, individual recognition, cheaters (cuckoos)
Social behavior
Animals that exhibit extensive group living, interacting socially beyond the context of mating, are often referred to as Social species. involves overlap of generations and cooperation in rearing youth
Genetic relatedness
-Advanced sociality is often associated with family groups -Some animals show abilities to discriminate among classes of genetic relatives (kin)
Kin Selection
-Kin selection is an extension of the theory of evolution by natural selection.Recognizes that an animals’ alleles can be passed on via relatives’ reproduction
-Hamilton recognized that animals gain fitness (RS) by increasing the representation of their genes in the next generation by having their own offspring, and by helping relatives have offspring. -Hamilton's brilliant insight was that animals share genes with their offspring, but they also share genes with other kinds of relatives!
Hamilton's inequality
genetic altruism to evolve, B/C > 1/r
This model predicts that, in general, altruism should evolve more often in species with groups of close relatives.
Costs of sociality
Costs of Sociality: Sociality entails many costs for participants, including increased competition and increased disease transmission. Parasite infection rates can increase in social groups
Benefits of sociality
Enhaced foraging effectiveness (cooperative foraging), increased cooperation for example in defense
Selfish herds
individuals benefit because of dilution effects or force of numbers- there are no specially evolved cooperative behaviors.
Eusociality
In highest form of sociality (eusociality), there are sterile helpers (reproductive division of labor). -Effective communication (social displays) -Increased division of labor/ reproductive division of labor: Castes -Complex behavioral output -foraging communication
Castes
Breeders and helpers, dominance and aggression

leads to social parasites
Social parasites
species that invade animal societies and live off of their resources.
Rigid castes
-early developmental switch point: follow different developmental pathways leading to playing different roles in society. Lack of plasticity very early on -greater degrees of specialization: increased differentiation. Express a very narrow slice of behavioral repertoire/very little overlap/evolutionarily adding of new behavior abilities