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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Respiration
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- the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment (muscular process) - inspiration: take in oxygen; expiration: eliminate carbon dioxide/ wastes - gas exchange occurs after air is drawn deep into lungs
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Thorax
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- chest cavity - includes all ribs (1-12), VC, sternum, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle- suspended from vertebral column
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Bony support system of the respiratory is composed of __________ and __________.
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Vertebral column, rib cage
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Vertebral column consists of ________ vertebrae that sit on top of each other.
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33
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5 divisions of the VC
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Cervical (7)Thoracic (12)Lumbar (5)Sacral (5)Coccygeal (4)
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Each vertebra is ...
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- joined to the next by ligaments- separated by a fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)
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Each vertebra has:
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(1) Corpus (body/ anterior portion) (2) Spinous Process (ribs and muscle attach/ posterior) (3) Transverse Process (muscle attachment/ posterior and lateral) (4) Lamina (bone between TP and SP/ posterior) (5) Pedicle/ foot (2/ superior surface/ post border of corpus)(6) Articular Facets (superior and inferior AF/ how vertebrae mate/join together in column)(7) Vertebral Foramen (opening for spinal cord) (8) Intervertebral Foramina (opening on each side of vert. for spinal nerves
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Costal/ Chondral
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- refers to the ribs - ex: The body and head of ribs fits into costal facets.
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Cervical Vertebrae Landmarks
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- allows you to move your head around - C1: atlas (supports skull for rotation) - C2: axis (allows skull to pivot)- Transverse Foramen: opening on each side for vertebral artery to pass to base of brain (ONLY in cervical vert.)
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Thoracic Vertebrae Landmarks
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- 12 TV- only ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12 attach to same # vertebra- ribs 2-9 attach to same # vertebrae and one above - attach at transverse costal facet , superior costal facet, and inferior costal facet (ribs mate here)
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Lumbar Vertebrae Landmarks
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- large compared to CV and TV- primary support for lifting and walking ** - direct/ indirect attachment of many back/ abdominal muscles
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Sacrum
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- 5 fused vertebrae- remnants of spinous and transverse processes - foramina for sacral nerves - form back of pelvis
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Coccyx
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- fused disks - beak-like appearance (tailbone) - mates with sacrum by small disc
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Pelvic Girdle
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- attaches legs to VC - comprised of: (1) Ilium (2) Sacrum (3) Pubic Bones (4) Ischium
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Pectoral Girdle
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- 2 main structures:(1) Clavicle - collarbone - attaches to superior sternum (only attachment to PG) and laterally to scapula - provides anterior support for shoulder (2) Scapula - shoulder blade - ONLY attachment is clavicle
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