Flashcard Set Preview
| Side A | Side B | ||
| 1 |
The lymph node cortex contains...What encapsulates follicles...
|
follicles with germinal centres Contains t cells dendritic cells
|
|
| 2 |
2 Parts of medulla of lymph nodes
|
medullary cords (project inward)medullary sinuses (contain macrophages)
|
|
| 3 |
Largest lymphoid organ
|
spleen (on left side of body)
|
|
| 4 |
What types of cells does the spleen contain
|
macrophages, RBC, lymphocytes
|
|
| 5 |
Purpose of RED and WHITE pulp in spleen
|
White- mostly lymphocytes and reticular fibers involved in immune functionRed- macrophages...
|
|
| 6 |
kk
|
kk
|
|
| 7 |
Primary cell of Thymus
|
T lymphocytes that does not directly fight antigens
|
|
| 8 |
MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) includes 3 of the following
|
Tonsils, Peyer's patches and appendix and lymphoid nodules in walls of bronchi
|
|
| 9 |
What is the function of tonsillar crypts
|
trap and destroy bacteria
|
|
| 10 |
Humoral Immunity cell
|
B cell
|
|
| 11 |
Cellular Immunity Cell
|
T cell
|
|
| 12 |
Which kidney is lower in the body
|
Right due to the liver being on the left
|
|
| 13 |
Fibrous capsule prevents ...(of kidney)Renal fascia out layer that....
|
infection anchors kidney
|
|
| 14 |
What type of nephrons is it called when only the bottom portion of the loop of henle dips into...
|
Corticol nephron
|
|
| 15 |
Type of nephron where the loop of Henle dips deep into the medulla
|
Juxtamedullary nephrone
|
|
| 16 |
How much blood flows through the kidney (fraction)
|
1/4 of cardiac output
|
|
| 17 |
What composes the renal corpuscle
|
Bowman's capsules and glomerules
|
|
| 18 |
The glomeruls endothelium is compsed of ...
|
fenestrated to allow solute-rich, protein free to pass from the blood to glomerular capsule...
|
|
| 19 |
Every nephron has 2 capillary beds (2)
|
glomerulus peritubular cap
|
|
| 20 |
Why is blood presssure in the glomerulus high? (2)
|
high resistant vesselsafferent are bigger than efferent
|
|
| 21 |
BP declines from 95mm Hg in renal arteries to __ in renal veins
|
8
|
|
| 22 |
Resistance in afferent arterioles acts to protect
|
glomeruli from fluctuations in systemic BP
|
|
| 23 |
Resistance in efferent arterioles acts to
|
reinforce high glomerular pressure and decrease hydrostatic pressure in peritubular cap
|
|
| 24 |
2 components of the JGA
|
Macula densa (respond to NaCl changes) Mensanglial cells (phagocytic properties)
|
|
| 25 |
Kidney's filter the body's entire plasma volume ___ x a day
|
60
|
|
| 26 |
Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in kidneys..
|
120-125 mL/min
|
|
| 27 |
If GFR is too high then?
|
cannot reabsorb fast enough
|
|
| 28 |
If GFR is too low then?
|
Reabsorbs too much
|
|
| 29 |
What happens when carriers in the renal tubules are saturated? (ie. glucose in diabetes)
|
it is excreted
|
|
| 30 |
XX = __
|
female
|
|
| 31 |
How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes
|
22
|
|
| 32 |
Mullerian ducts form future ____ ducts
|
female
|
|
| 33 |
Wolffian ducts form future ___ ducts
|
male
|
|
| 34 |
Gubernaculum
|
fibrous cord that guides descent of gonads
|
|
| 35 |
What encloses blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve fibers that supply the testes?
|
Spermatic cord
|
|
| 36 |
What is the structure responsible for sperm production
|
seminiferous tubules (surrounded by myoid cells)
|
|
| 37 |
What type of cell outide of seminiferous tubultes produce androgens (testosterone)
|
Leydig cells
|
|
| 38 |
During ejaculation epididymis contracts, expelling sperm into ____
|
vas deferens (then to ejac duct then to urethra)
|
|
| 39 |
What produces 70% semen volume *yellowish viscous alkaline seminal fluid)
|
seminal vesicle
|
|
| 40 |
What plays a role in the activation of sperm
|
Prostate
|
|
| 41 |
Purpose of Bulbourethral glands
|
lubricates glans penis and neutralizes traces of urine in urethra
|
|
| 42 |
Provide nutrients and signals to dividing cells Secrete testicular fluid into lumen for transport...
|
sustenacular cells
|
|
| 43 |
LH and follicle stimulating hormone promote what? (2)
|
Testosterone and sustenacular cell stimulation
|
|
| 44 |
Follicle (immature oocyte) is surrounded by:(2)
|
Follicle cell (1 layer thick)granulosum cells (1+ layer thick)
|
|
| 45 |
Part of uterine tubes that fertilization usually takes place
|
Ampulla
|
|
| 46 |
What blocks sperm entry into uterus except during mid cycle?
|
Cervical glands
|
|
| 47 |
Female equivalent to Bulbourethral glands
|
Bartholin's glands -secrete mucus for lubrication
|
|
| 48 |
Oogonia develop in primordial follicles but stop at what phase
|
meiosis I - prophase I
|
|
| 49 |
During menstruation it goes from 1 to secondary in metaphase II and is ovulated. From...
|
fertilized by sperm
|
|
| 50 |
During ovulation these 2 hormones peak
|
FSHLH
|
|
| 51 |
Womens menstral period can vary from 21-40 days however this stage does not change
|
Luteal phase remains 14 days
|
|
| 52 |
lie immersed in maternal blood and are vascularized by umbilical arteries & veins
|
chorionic villi
|
|
| 53 |
part of endometrium at uterine cavity face of implanted embryo
|
decidua capsularis
|
|
| 54 |
Placenta is full formed and functional by the end of the ___month
|
3rd
|
|
| 55 |
Embryonic placental barriers include: (2)
|
chorionic villi membrane embryonic capillaries endothelium
|
|
| 56 |
Notochord is rod of _______ cells that serve as axial support
|
mesodermal
|
|
| 57 |
Human Placental lactogen (hPL) causes
|
maturation of breasts, fetal growth and glucose sparing
|
|
| 58 |
Human Chorionic thyrotropin (hCT)
|
increase maternal metabolism
|
|
| 59 |
What 2 things are high levels during pregnancy (hormone and vitamin)
|
Parathyroid hormone Vitamin D
|
|
| 60 |
Fetal secretion of ___ stimulates the placenta to secrete more _____
|
cortisol, estrogen
|
|
| 61 |
What causes softening of the cervix (from fetal lungs)
|
Surfactant protein A
|
|
| 62 |
Oxytocin (from posterior pituitary) and ______ are powerful uterine muscle stimulants
|
prostaglandin (from uterine wall)
|
|
| 63 |
Largest dimension of head distends vulva
|
Crowning
|
|
| 64 |
2 gonadotropins in female reporductive cycle are?
|
FSHLH
|
|
| 65 |
3 Secondary sex characteristics stimulated by estrogen are?
|
1) Breasts2) Redisposistion of fat 3) widening and lightening of pelvis
|
|
| 66 |
Progesterone effects during pregnancy (2)
|
Inhibits uterine motilityHelps prepare breasts for milk
|
|
| 67 |
The key molecule that takes excess AA and converts it to energy or fat?
|
Glutamic acid
|
|
| 68 |
3 Key Steps in Protein Metab
|
1) Transanimation2)oxidative deamination3) keto acid modification
|
|
| 69 |
85% of cholesterol is made from ____ in the liver
|
acetyl CoA
|
|
| 70 |
The ____is the primary source of VLDL which transport TG from the ____ to the peripheral tissue...
|
Liver, Liver
|
|
| 71 |
The role of LDL is to transport ___ to peripheral tissue
|
cholesterol
|
|
| 72 |
HDL is good cholesterol because it does what?
|
Picks up excess cholesterol and delivers in to the liver
|
|
| 73 |
Apolipoprotein ___ is really nasty
|
a
|
|
| 74 |
Canada seniors make up how much percent of the Cdn population (>65)?
|
14.8%
|
|
| 75 |
ADH 2 main roles
|
Increases BP & water reabsorption
|
|
| 76 |
Regulation of HCl secretion
|
histamine, Ach and gastrin
|
|
| 77 |
Since Na concentration determines fluid volume baroreceoptors can be viewed as
|
Na Receptors
|
|
| 78 |
Alkalosis pHAcidosis pH
|
Normal 7.4Alk- 7.45Acid-7.35
|
|
| 79 |
MOST important ECF buffer system
|
Na bicarb buffer ( NaHCO3)
|
|
| 80 |
Important buffer system in urine and ICF
|
Phosphate buffer systemH2PO4 weak acidHPO4 weak base
|
|
| 81 |
What is hypercapnia and how do you reverse it
|
excess levels of CO2 and you begin to rapidly breathe to expel more CO2
|
No comments yet! Be the first to add a comment below!
Please login to post comments.
After login, we will forward you back to this flashcard.