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description of the kidneys:
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reddish brown organs located behind the parietal peritoneum against the posterior abdominal...
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lateral surface of each kidney:
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is convex
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medial surface of each kidney:
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is concave
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each kidney is enclosed in a:
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smooth, transparent renal capsule
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fatty adipose capsule:
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cushions a kidney from trauma and holds it in place
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a fibrous renal capsule:
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anchors a kidney to the abdominal wall
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a frontal section through a kidney reveals:
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a c-shaped parenchyma with two distinct zones
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two distinct zones of a kidney:
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renal cortex and renal medulla
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renal cortex:
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the superficial reddish zone
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renal medulla:
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the deep brownish zone
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portions of the renal cortex extend into:
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the renal medulla as renal columns
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within the renal medulla are:
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striated, cone-shaped renal pyramids
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the apex of each renal pyramid forms a:
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renal papilla that faces the Hilum
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the papilla of each renal pyramid is enclosed in a:
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minor calyx that collects urine
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urine from 2 or 3 minor calyces:
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is delivered to a major calyx
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urine from 2 or 3 major calyces:
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empty urine into the renal pelvis
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each kidney consists of:
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over one million nephrons that carry out kidney functions
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renal corpuscle:
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consists of a glomerulus enclosed in a two-layred Bowman's capsule
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outer parietal layer:
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is composed of simple squamous epithelium
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inner visceral layer:
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consists of podocytes that wrap around the capillaries
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a renal tubule extends from:
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Bowman's capsule to the tip of a renal pyramid
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proximal convoluted tubule (PCT):
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arising from Bowman's capsule, is the longest segment and contains simple cubodial epithelium...
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a nephron loop of Henle
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extends from the proximal convoluted tubule into the renal medulla
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distal convoluted tubule (DCT):
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begins when the loop of Henle returns to the renal cortex and contains intercalated cells and...
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collecting duct:
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is the terminal structure into which the distal convoluted tubule empties urine
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Cortical nephrons have:
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short nephron loops that dip into the medulla
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juxtamedullary nephrons have:
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very long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla
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the kidneys are richly supplied with:
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blood vessels
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blood flow into kidney:blood enters a kidney from the aorta by way of a:
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renal artery that branches many times until it gives rise to a series of afferent arterioles
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juxtaglomerular (JG) cells:
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are located in the wall of an afferent arteriole
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at the end of each afferent arteriole is a:
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glomerulus
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glomerular capillaries reunite:
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blood that supplies a nephron must pass through two capillary beds
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glomerular capillaries:
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reunite to form an efferent arteriole that drains them
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peritubular capillaries:
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an efferent arteriole divides to form a network of peritublar capillaries that surround each...
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vasa recta:
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an efferent arteriole divides to form a vasa recta around each juxtamedullary nephron
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blood flow out of peritubular capillaries:
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blood exits the peritubular capillaries and enters venules and a series of veins that eventually...
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flow chart of blood flow out of peritibular capillaries:
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exits peritubular capillaries-->venules--->veins---->renal vein--->inferior vena...
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