Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Protest politics
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political actions designed to broaden conflicts and activities
outside...
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| 2 |
Mass movement
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the participation of large numbers of previously passive bystanders...
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| 3 |
Relative deprivation
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the theory that people mobilize politically not when they are worst...
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| 4 |
Transactional leader
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▪
a party or interest group leader whose leadership...
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| 5 |
Transforming leader
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a mass movement leader who engages the full personalities of followers,
helping...
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| 6 |
Civil disobedience
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▪
the deliberate violation of the law by persons...
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| 7 |
Satyagraba
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“truth force” or the belief of the Indian pacifist Mahatma...
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| 8 |
Judicial review
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the power of the court to invalidate legislative or executive actions
because...
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| 9 |
Precedent
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a previous decision by court that is treated as a rule for future...
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| 10 |
Marbury v. Madison
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the 1803 case in which the Supreme Court established that it had...
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| 11 |
McCulloch v Maryland
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the 1819 case in which Justice Marshall emphasized the constitutional
supremacy...
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| 12 |
Gibbons v Ogden
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the 1824 case in which the Supreme Court broadly defined the
congressional...
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| 13 |
Dred Scott v Sandford
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the infamous 1857 case in which the Supreme Court decided that...
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| 14 |
Court-packing plan
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a failed attempt by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1937 to change...
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| 15 |
Bush v Gore
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a five-four Supreme Court decision in Dec. 2000, which halted Florida’s
hand...
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| 16 |
Senatorial courtesy
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the Senate withholding of consent to the nomination of a district...
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| 17 |
Original jurisdiction
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the power of a court to hear a case at its inception
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| 18 |
Appellate court
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a court that possess the power to review the decisions of lower...
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| 19 |
Writ of certiorari
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an order from the Supreme Court granting an appeal from a ruling...
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| 20 |
Rule of four
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an informal Supreme Court standard whereby if any four justices...
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| 21 |
Oral argument
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the spoken presentation of each side of a case to the justice of...
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| 22 |
Concurring opinion
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the written statement by a Supreme Court justice about why...
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| 23 |
Dissenting opinion
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a written statement by a Supreme Court justice about why he or...
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| 24 |
Ideological bloc
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a group of two or more Supreme Court justices who vote the same...
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| 25 |
Civil liberties
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the basic freedoms embodied in the Bill of Rights, such as speech...
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| 26 |
Civil rights
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Constitutional guarantees, such as the right to vote and equal...
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| 27 |
Civil War amendments
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the Thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth Amendments to the
Constitution,...
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| 28 |
Foot note 4
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a footnote in a 1938 Supreme Court decision that sets out three
conditions...
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| 29 |
Strict scrutiny
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a Supreme Court standard in civil liberties or civil rights cases...
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| 30 |
Incorporation
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the doctrine that the Supreme Court used to apply the Bill of Rights...
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| 31 |
clear and present danger test
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A Supreme Court standard stating that the government can prohibit
political...
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| 32 |
McCarthyism
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the practice, named after Senator John McCarthy, of falsely accusing
individuals...
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| 33 |
Symbolic speech
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protected political expression that communicated with visual symbols
instead...
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| 34 |
Unprotected speech
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Communication that is not protected by the First Amendment either
because...
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| 35 |
Obscenity
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Sexually explicit material that lacks serious literary, artistic,
political,...
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| 36 |
Prior restraint
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the First Amendment prohibits against government officials preventing
information...
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| 37 |
Establishment Clause
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the part of the first Amendment that forbids Congress to make any...
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| 38 |
Lemon test
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the standard used by the Supreme Court in cases involving government...
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| 39 |
Free Exercise Clause
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the part of the First Amendment that states that Congress shall...
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| 40 |
Exclusionary rule
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a doctrine, based on the Fourth Amendment’s guarantee against
unreasonable...
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| 41 |
Miranda warnings
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the requirement that the police inform all criminal suspects of...
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| 42 |
Right of privacy
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the freedom to be left alone implied in the Constitution
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| 43 |
Roe v Wade
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the 1937 Supreme Court case that established a women’s right...
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| 44 |
Spate but equal
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the doctrine established by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case...
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| 45 |
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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an organization that fights for the rights of African-Americans
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| 46 |
Brown V Board of education of Topeka
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the 1954 case in which the Supreme Court rejected the separate...
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| 47 |
Civil Rights act of 1964
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a law that made racial discrimination in public accommodation (hotels
and...
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| 48 |
Voting Rights Act of 1965
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the law that removed the barriers that southern officials had placed...
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| 49 |
Affirmative action
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positive steps taken to award educational opportunities or jobs...
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