Flashcard Set Preview
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Definition of a Mental Disorder according to DSM IV
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- clinically significant behavioral or pyschological sydrome or pattern
- associated with...
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abnormal behavior
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behavior that deviates from the norm of society
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Epidemiology
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the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders and health - related behaviors in a given...
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prevalence
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the number of cases in a population at any given period of time. usually expressed as precentages
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point prevalence
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the proportion of cases for a disroder in a population at any given time
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incidence
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the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time
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How many American people are affected by a mental disorder at one time in their lives?
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About Half
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Comorbidity
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the presence of two or more disorders in a individual. more likely to occur in people with...
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what was the primary treatment for demonic possesion?
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exorcism - casted evil out of the inflicted person
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Hipporcates
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Greek physician. Father of modern medicine. Denied demons were the cause of mental illness....
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Hippocrates classification of mental disorders
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mania, meloncholia and phrenitis (brain fever)
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earliest and longest typologies of human behavior
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the sanguine, the phlegmatic, the choleric and the melancholic
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four humors - essential fluids in the body
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different proportions controlled temperment. blood, phlegm, bile and black bile
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Avincenna
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'prince of physicians' - wrote Canon of Medicine. Most widely read medical book ever written....
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Mental Ilness in the Middle Ages
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characterized by superstition. care of the mentally ill left largely to the clergy. Treatment...
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mass madness
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widespread occurence of behavior disorders - whole groups of people affected simultaneously.
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Paracelsus
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formed the idea of bodily magnetism - hypnosis
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Asylums
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grew in number from 16th century on. harsh. chained to floor. Used as speticals. incredibly...
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Johann Weyer
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founder of modern psychopathology . works banned by the church.
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Phillippe Pinel
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French. - thought mentally ill should be treated like patients not as beasts or criminals ....
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Benjamin Rush
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Founder of American Psychiatry. remedies were blood letting and purging
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moral management
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wide ranging method of treatment that focused of patient's social, individual and occupational...
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syphilis
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disease of the central nervous system
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mental hygiene movement
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focused on the physcial well being of the patient rather than the mental. Founded by Dorothea...
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deinstitutionalization
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tried to return mentally ill back to the communities and shut down asylums - proved to be a...
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psycholanalytic prespective
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Frued. emphazised the inner dynamic of the unconcious motives.
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psychoanalysis
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psycholanalytic method
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Anton Mesmer
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lilac robe. music. touched patients with hand or wand while seated around a tub - later cited...
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Nancy School
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Bernheim and Leibeault worked to devleop the hypothesis that hypnosis and hysteria were linked....
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catharsis
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developed by Frued and Breuer. Let patients talk openly while under hypnosis. once back, they...
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unconcious
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portion of the mind that contains experiences of which a person is unaware - important role...
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free association
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patients talked freely about themselves - provided info on feelings, motives etc.
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dream analysis
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record and describe dreams for interpretation
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Wihelm Wundt
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first psych lab
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William James
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First textbook
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behavioral prespective
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role of learning in human behavior
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classical conditioning
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neutral stimulus is paired to a unconditioned stimulus that elicits unconditioned behavior....
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Watson
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father of behaviorism
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Operant conditioning
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reinforcement (positive or negative) of a certain behavior
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B.F. Skinner
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Operant conditioning and Skinner's box
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chronic
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long lasting
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acute
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short
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case study method
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one observer and one subject - uncontrolled context
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observational research
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no manipulation of variables. researcher selects groups wo have been exposed to stress and...
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retrospective strategy
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try to collect information on what happened earlier in life to indentify factors that might...
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prospecitve strategy
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focus on those who have a predisposition or more of a likely hood of a disorder and focus on...
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analouge studies
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animal reserach. findings applied to humans.
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ID
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instinct
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SuperEgo
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Concience
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Ego
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Ideal
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anxiety (psychoanalysis)
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caused by the pulling of the Ego between the SuperEgo and the ID
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defense mechanisms
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used by ego to deal w/ anxiety. peole who don't have enough defense mechanisms need to be commited...
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projection
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undesireable self projected unto others
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displacement
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redirecting emotion from dangerous image to a safer one. ex- you kick the cat because you're...
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rationalization
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inventing plausible excuses
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manifest content
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diguise real meaning of dreams
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latent content
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true meaning of the dream
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4 processes to hide dreams
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1) condensation
2) displacement
3) symoblization
4) secondary elaboration
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condensation
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repeated dreams with figures - can represent condensed image
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displacement
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mad at mother, want to kill her - dream you've totalled her car
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symbolization
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dreams are symbolic images rather than literally
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secondary elaboration
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filling in gaps, making it logical when remembering
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formative years
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years 1-6 - forms who you are by age 6
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erogenous zone
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capable of pleasure, frustration and creativity
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Fixation
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obsessive focus with an erogenous zone
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Oral Stage
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0-1yr. Feeding is important. Not enough to eat = oral agressive. Too much to eat = oral dependent
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oral agressive
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very argumentative, sarcastic, cynical
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oral dependent
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passive, not much innitiative, gullible, needs attention
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Anal Stage
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1-3yr. Process of bodily elimination. Toilet training important. Parent's too strict = Anal...
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Anal Retentive
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Neat freak. Compulsively clean. Stingy
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Anal Expulsive
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slob, destructive, disorderly
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Phallic Stage
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Lean the differences between sexes. Boys love Moms = oedipus complex. Girls love Dad = Electra...
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Oedipus complex
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mom shows affection to husband and boy doesn't like it. not sharing mom. solution: indentification...
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Electra conflict
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conflict between girl and mom for dad's affection. solution: identification with mother or...
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Latency Period
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Rut from age 6 to puberty. Fixation = phallic personality. perons who is vain. narcissitic....
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Genital stage
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puberty to adulthood. previous problems resurface. Mature adult sexuality and heterosexual...
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Maslow
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Humanistic approach. Hierarchy of Needs. Believed humans are inherently good and have a tendency...
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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from bottom to top in pyramid formation
5) Self Actualization
4) Self esteem
3) Belonging
2)...
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How many actually reach self actualization?
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less than 1%
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Carl Rogers
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Humanist. Developed client centered therapy. Believed people had a place that held their true...
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Client Centered therapy
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trusting atmosphere, non - directive, mirroring
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Phenomological Approach
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empathy with client
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Mirroring
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rephrase what client said and say it back to them
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Victor Frankle
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Frued's student. Existentialist. Had a practice in NY for the rich. founded logo therapy.
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logo therapy
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tried to find personal meaning for people in their lives. 'What makes life meaningful to you?'
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Neuroscience
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- genes are responsible for personality
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Diathesis Stress Model
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genetic predisposition + stress + time = disorder
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Validity
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Does the test measure what it says it measures?
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System of influences
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Most scientists look at these disorders and don't see a particular cause. There is a mix of...
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Dendrites
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recieves messages from other neurons
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Axon
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carries away message
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Soma
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cell body
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Synaptic Knobs
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contains neurotransmitters
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Neurotransmitters
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GABB, Seretonin, Acetycoline, Dopamine.
Released across the synaptic gap.
inside negative,...
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5 axis of Clinical Assesment
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1) clinical syndrome
2) personality disorder
3) Medical Condition
4) Individual's life...
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prognosis
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prediction of behavior and how well the patient will do in the future
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diagnosis labels are...
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descriptive, not explanatory
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4 common methods of assesment
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1) clinical interview
2) psychological test
3) lab tests
4) direct observation
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Structured Approach (Clinical Interview)
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structured approach: psychologist asks the questions (used a lot in hospitals). Oldest and...
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Unstructured Approach (Clinical Interview)
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unstructured approach: client dictates the direction of the conversation.
Most people take...
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Sensorium
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Is the person oriented to time, person and place? Are they in touch w/ reality?
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Stanford Binet Intelligence Test (Cognitive Measure)
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IQ
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Wexler Intelligence Test (Cognitive Measure)
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Verbal IQ and Preformance IQ.
WAIS - Adult Intelligence Scale
WISC- Intelligence Scale for...
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MMPI (Personality Test)
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Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
- most widely used objective personality assesment
-567...
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L scale (MMPI)
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Lie scale. Above 70 and it's not valid
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Projective Tests
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based on Freudian theroy of projection. No right or wrong answer - based on ambiguous stimuli.
most...
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Rorchach Inkblot Test (Projective Test)
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w- person sees the whole picture. dd- person sees minute details. shown picutres of inkblots...
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Are you ready for this Psych exam?
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Nope, but the flashcards helped :)
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Thematic Attroception Test (Projection Test)
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series of cards. asked to make up a story with them. stories recorded verbatem.
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Organicity
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brain impairment (brain damage)
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Bender Gestalt Test (Organicity Test)
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Given pencil w/out eraser. Told to copy given designs onto another piece of paper. Brain damaged...
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Halsted - Ruton (Neuropsychological Test Battery)
Luria - Nebraska
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Follow up to Bender Gestalt. Tests speed and accuracy. Tests persons map of a visual field.
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Lab Tests (Medical Tests)
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CAT scan, MRI, PET
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Impairment Index
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tells how much and what part of the brain is damaged
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Criticism of Direct Observation
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Time consuming. Watch the client as the preform the task. Are they really trying and putting...
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