Flashcard Set Preview
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Psychology
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Scientific study of behavior and mental proccesses
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Clinical Psychologist
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work with relatively serious prblems involving mental and behavioral disorders.
-schizophrenia
-bipolar...
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Counseling Psychologist
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work with less serious problems in living.
-marital therapy
-vocational guidance
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Educational Psychologist
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study processes related to learning,remembering and thinking.
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School Psychologist
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work directly with the students on experiencing learning problems or emotional probelms.
-also...
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Industrial/Organizational Psychologist
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study problems inolving work in organizational settings.
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Social Psychologist
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study how the individual is influenced by the social environment
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Personality Psychologist
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study differences amony people with respect to traits
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Developmental Psychologist
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study the changes that take place as people age
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Experimental Psychologist
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investigate basic psychological processes such as learning,memory and sensation.
*major emphasis...
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Independent Variable
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condition which is manipulated by the researcher to see if it has an effect on the dependent...
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Dependent Variable
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Some aspect of the subjects performance which is measured to see if it has been affected by...
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Experiment
(researcher should exercise a high level of control/provide strong evidence of...
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research tech.in which an invest. manipulates events, then measures the effects of those manipulations...
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#1 Characteristic of an experiment
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1. Two groups of subjects:
-experimental group- recieves the treatment of interest.
-control...
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#2 Characteristic of an experiment
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subjects are randomly assigned to treatment conditions- so that the groups are similar to eachother...
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#3 Characteristic of an experiment
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groups are treated similarly - so that the only difference between the groups involves the...
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Correlational Research
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-researcher simply measures one naturally occuring variable.
-determines whether it is related...
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Correlation Coeffficent
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-a number which represents the nature of the relationship between two variables
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#1 Characteristic of Correlation Coefficents-SIZE OF COEFFICIENT
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may range from -1.00 to .00 to +1.00
-larger the size of the coefficient/in absolute magnitude,...
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#2 Characteristic of Correlation Coefficient-SIGN OF CORRELATION -/+
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POS-as values on one variable increase, values on the second also increase.
NEG-as values...
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Correlational Research
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provides weak evidence of cause and effect.
-nothing is manipulated/controlled
-usually...
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Central Nervous System
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brain and sprinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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-neural networks that fan out from the civs.
-not in brain or spinal cord
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Somatic Division
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responsible for sensation and voluntary movement
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Autonomic Division
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responsible for involuntary processes.
-processes are not always involuntary
-biofeedback
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Sympathetic Division
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prepares the body to deal with an emergency
-fight or flight plan
-increased heart rate
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Parasympathetic Division
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-allows the body to relax
-heart rate decreases
-blood goes to internal organs
-digestion...
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Neurons
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individual cells that are the smallest univits of the nervous system
-allow communications
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Cell Body(soma)
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Controls:
-oxygen utilization
-energy production
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Dendrites
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-short fibers that branch out from the cell body and recieve incoming messages.
-many
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Axon
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Single fiber that sends out going messages from the cell body to other neurons.
-a single...
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Synaptic Cleft
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space between axon terminal of one neuron and dendrites of next neuron.
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemicals travel across synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit activity in the next neuron.Example:...
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Action Potential
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Proccess by which a neuron is depolarized in a sruge running down the legth of an axon.
-when...
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Neuron firing rates
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number of action potentials per second
-neurons normally fire at a base rate
-change firing...
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Morphine
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Endorphines- chains of amino acids that act like neurotransmitters.
-reduce the perception...
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Medulla
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Breathing, heartbeat,digestion.
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Reticular Formation
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levels of arousal, sleeping cycles
-sleep patient
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Thalamus
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regulates & relays sensory messages to appropriate parts of brain.
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Hypothalamus(below thalamus)
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eating, drinking, sleeping. pleasure centers
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Cerebellum
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coordination & balance. Links sensory systems to higher cortical areas.
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Corpus Callosum (center of brain)
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broad band of fibers which links the right and left hemispheres.
-split brain studies
-hemispheric...
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Hippocampus
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regulates emotion and the formation of new memories. When damaged, patients can often recall...
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Frontal Lobes(most important, evolved most recently)
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Planning; self-awareness; thinking; decision-making; problem solving;
-control of muscles
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Parietal Lobes
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-body sensation
-touch
-body postion
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Occipital Lobes
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-Vision
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Temporal Lobes
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-Hearing
-Language ( in left temporal lobe in most people)
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