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| 1 |
_____ measures the pressure that the blood is pushing against arteries.
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blood pressure
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| 2 |
Blood pressure is measured using a _____ and _____.
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sphygmomanometer, stethoscope
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| 3 |
_____ regulate blood pressure.
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baroreceptors
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| 4 |
Increased BP causes signal to brain that decreases _____ and force of contractions.
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heart rate
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| 5 |
_____, _____, _____, and _____ are the 4 factors that affect bp.
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blood volume, blood viscosity, ventricular health, vascular health
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| 6 |
_____ is the hardening of the arteries due to plaques which increases pressure.
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arterosclerosis
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| 7 |
_____ is the hardening of arteries due to loss of elasticity.
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arteriosclerosis
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| 8 |
_____ is the hardening of arterioles due to loss of elasticity.
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arteriolosclerosis
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| 9 |
Increased blood volume = (increased/decreased) blood pressure.
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increased
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| 10 |
_____ reduce nerve impulses to blood vessels, which allows blood to pass more easily, causing...
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alpha-blockers
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| 11 |
_____ reduce nerve impulses to the heart and blood vessels. This makes the heart beat slower...
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beta-blockers
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| 12 |
_____ work the same way as alpha & beta-blockers. As a result, less blood is pumped through...
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alpha-beta-blockers
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| 13 |
_____ are somtimes called "water pills" because they work in the kidney and flush excess water...
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diuretics
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| 14 |
_____ prevent the formation of a hormone called angiotensin II. They cause the vessels to relax...
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angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
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| 15 |
_____ shield blood vessels form angiotensin II. As a result, the vessels become wider and blood...
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angiotensin antagonists
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| 16 |
_____ keep calcium form entering the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This causes...
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calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
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| 17 |
_____ relax blood vessels by controlling nerve impulses. This causes the blood vessels to become...
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nervous system inhibitors
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| 18 |
_____ directly open blood vessels by relaxing the muscle in the vessel walls, causing the blood...
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vasodilators
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| 19 |
The _____ nerves affect the heat rate. These nerves release _____.
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vagus, acetycholine
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| 20 |
What are agglutinogens?
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agglutinating antigens
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| 21 |
_____ & _____ are the only two ways a person that is Rh- can come into contact with the Rh...
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blood transfusion and pregnancy
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| 22 |
What are agglutinins?
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antibodies that cause agglutination
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| 23 |
How does erythroblastosis fetalis develop?
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A woman who has been previously sensitized to the Rh protein.
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| 24 |
Why can Rh blood be given to a non-sensitized person who is Rh-?
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They don't have anti-Rh agglutinins yet.
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| 25 |
What affect does lowering body temperature have on heart reate?
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slows heart rate
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| 26 |
What does Starling's Lsw state?
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that the heat muscle contracts more intensely when stretched.
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| 27 |
What is the P wave in a EKG?
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the atrial depolarizaiton (contraction).
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| 28 |
What are the QRS waves in a EKG?
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this complex is the combined atrial repolarization (relaxation) and ventricular depolarization...
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| 29 |
What is the T wave in a EKG?
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ventricular repolarizaiton
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| 30 |
____ results from loss of cardiac output (circulatory collapse).
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shock
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| 31 |
____ shock results from acute loss of blood.
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hemorrhagic
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| 32 |
____ shock results from loss of cardiac output by damage to the heart , especially the left...
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cardiogenic
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| 33 |
____ shock results form intense parasympathetic stimulation by stress or grief or other emotions.
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pyschomotor
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| 34 |
____ shock results from infection and inflammation of blood vesels, which no longer respond...
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septic
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| 35 |
____ shock results from loss of blood volume--the best example is the loss of plasma as it...
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hypovolemic
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| 36 |
____ is blood with abnormally low oxygen carrying capacity.
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anemia
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| 37 |
____ anemia results form acute blood loss.
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hemorrhagic
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| 38 |
____ anemia results from ruptured erythrocytes, e.g., malaria.
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hemolytic
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| 39 |
____ anemia results form the destruction or lack of hematopoetic components.
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aplastic
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| 40 |
____ anemia is a dietary lack or impaired absorption of iron.
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iron-deficiency
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| 41 |
____ anemia is the deficiency of vitamin B12.
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pernicious
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| 42 |
____ anemia results from abnormal hemoglobin; genetic.
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sickle cell
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| 43 |
____ - irregularity or absence of heartbeat.
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arrhythmia
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| 44 |
____ - most common form of arteriosclerosis in which yellow, fatty plaques build up in the...
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artherosclerosis
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| 45 |
____ - a cardiac impulse conduction disturbance in the artrioventricular node, Bundle of His,...
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atrioventricular block
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| 46 |
____ - normal beat alternatiing with a premature beat.
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bigeminy
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| 47 |
____ - a pathologic delay or interruption in impulse conduction.
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block
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| 48 |
____ - an abnormality in cardiac impulse conduction through the fibers of the Bundle of Hs.
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Bundle Branch Block
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| 49 |
____ - impairment of cardiac conduction system so that electrical impulses fom the atria fail...
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heart block
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| 50 |
____ - a slight variation or irregularity in the sinus rhythm or normal heart beats.
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sinus arrhythmia
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| 51 |
____ - a diagnostic procedure that records the conduction, magnitude, and duration of the electrical...
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EKG (electrocardiogram)
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| 52 |
____ - a complete heart beat
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cardiac cycle
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| 53 |
____ - heart rate over 100 beats/min. This condition increases the workload on the heart.
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tachycardia
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| 54 |
____ - heart rate below 50-60 beats/min. Syptoms include weakness, fatigue, confusion, and...
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bradycardia
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| 55 |
____ - the coronary circulation becomes blocked and cardiac muscle cells die from lack of oxygen....
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myocardial infarction (heart attack)
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| 56 |
____ - occasional shortened intervals between one contraction and the succeeding contraction;often...
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premature atrial contractions
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| 57 |
We measure ____ and calculate ____.
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volumes, capacities
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| 58 |
____ - normal or easy respiration.
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eupnea
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| 59 |
____- an abnormally slow rate of breathing.
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bradypnea
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| 60 |
____- an abnormally rapid rate of breathing.
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tachypnea
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| 61 |
____- abnormally slow or shallow breathing; diminution of breathing.
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hypopnea
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| 62 |
____- increase in depth and rate of breathing.
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hyperpnea
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| 63 |
____- reduced respiratory effort; reduced alveolar ventilation.
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hypoventilation
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| 64 |
____- abnormally rapid, deep breathing, overbreathing, usually due to anxiety.
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hyperventilation
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| 65 |
____- the cessation or suspension of breathing
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apnea
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| 66 |
____- difficult or labored breathing
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dyspnea
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| 67 |
____- a condition in which there is difficulty in breathing except when sitting or standing...
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orthopnea
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| 68 |
____- breathing characterized by periods of hyperpnea which alternate with periods of apnea;...
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cheyne-stokes breathing
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| 69 |
____- the presence of air or gas in a pleural cavity.
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pneumothorax
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| 70 |
____- oxygen deprivation causing unconsciousness, suffocation.
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asphyxia
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| 71 |
____- absence of oxygen.
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anoxia
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| 72 |
____-oxygen want or deficiency, any state wherein a physiologically inadequate amount of oxygen...
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hypoxia
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| 73 |
____- contracts intercostals & diaphram (causing us to inhale)
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DRG
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| 74 |
____- inhibits DRG (exhale)
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pneumatic center
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| 75 |
____- causes us to inhale or exhale more forcefully.
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VRG
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| 76 |
____- high level of carbon dioxide
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hypercapnia
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| 77 |
____- low level of carbon dioxide.
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hypocapnia
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