Flashcard Set Preview
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2 Types of cells in nervous system:
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neurons & supporting cells
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Nervous system divided into:
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central nervous system CNS (brain, spinal cord) & peripheral nervous system PNS (cranial nerves...
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# of cranial nerves
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12
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# of spinal nerves
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31
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Supporting cells of PNS: (3)
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schwann cells, nodes of ranvier, satellite cells
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Schwann cells
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successive wrapping of the cell membrane, outer surface encased in glycoprotein basement membrane,...
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Nodes of Ranvier
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unmyelinated areas between adjacent schwann cells that produce nerve impulses
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Satellite cells
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support neuron cell bodies within ganglia
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Supporting cells of CNS:
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oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
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Oligodendrocytes
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process occurs mostly postnatally, each has extensions that form myelin sheaths around several...
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Glial cell
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(commonly called neuroglia or simply glia) non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition,...
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Atrocytes
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most abundant glial cell, vascular processes terminate in end-feet that surround the capillaries,...
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Microglia
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phagocytes, migratory, act as immune cells of CNS, cleaning up debris... inhabits celebral...
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Ependymal cells
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secrete CSF, line ventricles, function as neural stem cells, can divide and progeny differentiate
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Two divisions of PNS:
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afferent division and efferent division
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Afferent division
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sensory information toward CNS
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Efferent division
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motor division away from CNS (activates muscles and glands)
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Two motor neuron systems of efferent division (PNS):
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somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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Somatic nervous system
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motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles (PNS - efferent division)
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Autonomic nervous system
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neurons that innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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Functional classification of neurons are based upon...
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direction impulses conducted
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Sensory/afferent neurons
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conduct impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
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Motor/efferent neurons
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conduct impulses out of CNS to effector organs
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Association neurons/interneurons
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located entirely within the CNS, serve an integrative function or reflex
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Major levels of CNS function (3):
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spinal cord, brainstem, cerebrum & cerebral cortex
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Spinal cord
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inferior portion of CNS, receives sensory input from periphery, transmits nerve impulses to...
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Brainstem
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receives sensory input and initiates motor output via cranial nerves III through XII & controls,...
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Brainstem consists of (3):
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medulla, pons, and midbrain
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Cerebrum and cerebral cortex:
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only structure of the telencephalon, largest portion of the brain (80% mass), responsible for...
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Corpus callosum
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major tract of axons that functionally interconnects right and left cerebral hemispheres
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Cerebral cortex characterized by:
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numerous convolutions, elevated folds (gyri), depressed grooves (sulci
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Cerebral cortex
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increases surface area & responsible for intellect, thought, personality, initiation of movement,...
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The Brain
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integration center, *forebrain: cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, *midbrain,...
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Injury of forebrain vs hindbrain:
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injury to forebrain (such as hypothalamus) probably live, injury to hindbrain will likely lead...
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How many hemispheres of the cerebrum?
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2
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Cerebrum is composed of ___ matter and ___ matter
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gray, white
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Gray matter
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consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites; outer surface and forms cerebral cortex
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White matter (myelin)
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consists of axon tracts: projection (descending/ascending), association (from one region to...
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Lobes of the cerebrum (4):
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frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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Frontal lobe (cerebral cortex)
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voluntary motor activity, speaking, higher intellectual ability (anterior portion of each cerebral...
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Parietal lobe (cerebral cortex)
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process sensory information (primary area responsible for perception somatoesthetic sensation;body...
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