Pharmacology

51 cards

Test #6

Created Dec 6, 2006
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	Side A	Side B
1	What are the side effects of Sulfonlyureas? (3)	Hypoglycemia, cardiotoxicity and weight gain (10#+)
2	What do sulfonlyureas help do and what is an contraindication?	Promote insulin release and allergy is a problem to sulfa
3	What do meglitinides do and what is the prototype?	Stimulate pancreatic insulin release. Repaglinide is prototype
4	What is the side effect of meglitinides and what do you not give sulfonlyureas with meglitinides?	Side effect: hypoglycemia. Don't give together because they have the same action.
5	Insulin Glargine: How long does it last? When do you usually give it? Can it be mixed with...	Lasts 24+ hrs. $$$ given at bedtime as basal dose and CAN NOT be mixed
6	Lispro insulin (Humalog) what's the onset and how long does it last?	very rapid onset and shorter duration than regular insulin and more $
7	Insulin aspart: how quick and how long do it last?	Very fast and short but $$
8	NPH Insulin: Can it be mixed? How long and how fast?	Cloudy, longer onset and action CAN be mixed with regular insulin
9	Tell me about Lente and ultralente insulin compared with NPH. Can it be mixed with others?	less allergic than NPH but CAN NOT be mixed with others.
10	What does Metformin do?	Decreases production of glucose by the liver used to prevent type 2 DM
11	What are some side effects of Metformin? What really needs to be healthy to be Rx this?	SE: decreased appetite, N and diarrhea. NND healthy kidneys for excretion
12	What does the drug Acarbose do?	Delays absorptoin of Carbs.
13	What are some side effects of Acarbose and what organ does it affect mostly?	flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, bloating, loud bowel sounds (borborygmus) Long term use impact...
14	What are glucocortoids? and what are they used for?	they are stress hormones, carb, fat and protein metabolism. They are used for replacement...
15	What are some side effects of glucocortoids?	adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, elevated blood sugar, risk of infections and slow healing
16	Name some side effects of androgens.	Virilization (2ndary sex changes, premature bone closure, choleterol changes and edema
17	Name some uses for androgens.	Replacement therapy, use in breast cancer, sex drive stimulant, muscle bulking agent and delay...
18	What does estrogen do?	Maintains bone mass and lowers cholesterol
19	Name some side effects of esterogen.	endometrial, overian and breast cancer, N
20	What are some uses of estrogen.	Replacement therapy and tx of prostate cancer
21	What does progestin cause and what are some side effects?	causes bleeding. SE: breast tenderness, spotting, amenorrhea
22	Progestin is used for......	PMS tx, endometrosis, uterine bleeding
23	What are the first and second generation antihistamines?	1st-diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2nd- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
24	Name some uses for antihistimes	allergy, motion sickness, insomnia, cold systoms
25	Name some drug interactions for antihistimes.	alochol, 2nd yeast and some antibiotics result in dysrythmias
26	Birth control may do what?	Raise blood sugar and BP, risk of multiple births when first discontinued.
27	Name the two major drug groups for asthma.	Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilators
28	What are the anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma?	Glucocortoids and Leukotriene modifiers
29	What are the bronchodilators drugs for asthma?	Beta 2 Agonists, anticholingerics and Theophylline
30	Uses of Beta 2 Agonists. What is the prototype?	Asthma, COPD, bronchodilation and stopping of uterine contractions//// Albuterol
31	Name some asthma management techniques. (3)	1. Monitoring lung function: Flow meter 2. Stepped care 3. Avoid triggers 3. Hydration (thins...
32	Nasal decongestrants are usually what type of drugs?	Alpha 1 agonists
33	Name the three types of cough meds and define each.	1. anti-tussive- cough suppresant 2. expectorant- Gets mucous up and out 3. mucolytics- breaks...
34	What are some side effects of Albuterol?	CNS and CV stimulatin often tremors because they are beta 2 agonists
35	Albuterol is used for what kind of situations?	For exercise PRN ans emerg. med.
36	What are some uses of Cimetadine (Tagamet)?	ulcers, reflux, indigestion, and aspiration pneumonitis
37	What are the side effects of Cimetadine?	Anti-andogenic properties (fat pad shifting, gynemastocia (boobs) and CNS effects (confusion,...
38	What is so good about Ranitidine (Zantac)?	More potent, fewer side effects and drug interactions
39	Omeprazole (Prilosec) is what kind of drug and what SE's does it have?	Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) SE: headache, diarrhea, N and V
40	What do you have to beware when giving Sucralfate?	It will bind with other meds and minerals so you have to give it alone. Give with adequate...
41	What is the side effect of Sucralfate?	Constipation
42	What are the side effects of antacids (2)	Constipation and diarrhea
43	What should you not do when you take an antacid?	Do not take it with other meds as impairs absorption
44	What are these ingredients (Na, Mg, Ca) contraindicated for what kind of patients?	Na for heart and blood pressure///Mg for renal///Ca for kidney stones
45	Define bulk formers? Can they be dosed to regulate consistency?	increase bulk and weight by water retention so gravity says downhill////Yes
46	What type of laxative would you want to give to a heart patient or the elderly?	Bulk former so no strain.
47	Define surfactants	Help stool to retain H2O
48	Define stimulants. What is bad about them?	Stimulate muscle and H2O retention but cramps and fat vit. losses
49	What type of laxative draw H2O into stool? What kind of problem does it have?	Osmotics. Problem: W/ electrolytes (K,Mg) hard on heart and kidney patients
50	What cleanses bowel for X-ray but it doesn't give cramps or has electrolyte losses? How is...	Golytely///Drink 3L in 3 hrs ( 1C every 15 mins )
51	What are three non drug helps for relieving constipation?	hydration, exercise, fiber