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Nutrition
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The science of food, the nutrients and the substances therein, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease, and the process by which the organism ingests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food substances
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�Provide energy
�Provide building blocks (ex: calcium is a component to bones)
�Vital for growth and maintenance
�Termed �essential�
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Nutrients come from food to...
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�Omission leads to decline
�Regain normal function when stored to diet
�Has a specific biological function
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You need essential nutrients because...
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�Poor diet and sedentary lifestyles are risk factors for chronic disease (29% of all deaths)
�Disease of the heart
�Cancer (22%)
�Cerebrovascular disease (about 79%)
�Diabetes (39%)
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Over nutrition contribes to chronic diseases such as...
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Down syndrome, hemophillia, sickle cell anemia, adult bone loss (osteoporosis), cancer, infectious disease
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Nutrition unrelated diseases (genetic)
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Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, iron defiency, vitamin def, mineral def
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Nutrition related diseases
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�Carbohydrates
�Lipids
�Protein
�Minerals
�Vitamins
�Water
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Six classes of nurtients
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�Provides calories
�For growth, development, and maintenance
�Regulate body processes
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Nutrient functions
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Carbohydrates
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�Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
�Major sources of fuel
�Monosaccharide (glucose)
�Simple and complex forms
�Dietary fiber
�Energy yielding (about 4 kcal/gm)
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4
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How many kcals are in carbohydrates
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Lipids
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�Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and fewer oxygen
�Triglycerides
-Fats and oils
�Unsaturated Fatty Acids (double bonds)
�Saturated Fatty Acids (no double bonds)
�Essential Fatty Acids
�Energy yielding fats and oils (about 9 kcal/gm)
�Cholesterol
�Phospholipids
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9
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How many kcals are in lipids?
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Proteins
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�Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
�Structural material
�9 essential amino acids
�11 nonessential amino acids
�Energy yielding (about 4 kcal/gm)
�Excess protein intake
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4
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How many kcals are in proteins?
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7
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How many kcals are in alcohol?
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