Define the Concept of Metabolism in Nutrition Flashcards

The sum total of all the chemcial reactions that go on in living cells. Energy metabolism includes all the reactions by which the body obtains and spends energy from food. Example: Nutrients provide the body with FUEL and follows them through a series of reactions that release energy from their chemical bonds. As the bonds break, they release energy in a controlled version of the process by which wood burns in a fire.

All of the chemical reactions through which the human body acquires and spends energy from food

Small compounds joined together to make largers ones; energy must be used in order to do this Ana = up

Larger compounds BROKEN down into smaller ones; energy is RELEASED kata = down

Energy released from the breakdown of a large compounds is used to drive other reactions

Adenosine triphosphate; energy currency of the body -- produced when large compounds are broken down ATP is used to make large compounds from smaller ones.

Cellular machinery used to make proteins

Where energy is derived from fat, CHO, protein via TCA cycle, electron transport chain

Complex organic molecules that work with enzymes to facilitate the enzymes' activity. Many coenzymes have B vitamins as part of their structures. co = with

The general term for substances that facilitate enzyme action is cofactors; they include both organic coenzymes such as vitamins and inorganic substances such as minerals

Protein catalysts - proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process

Enzymes that contain one or more minerals as part of their structure

CHO - glucose (6 carbons)

TG's - glycerol (3 carbons) + fatty acid (typically 18 carbons)

Protein - amino acids 2C-N, 3C-N, or 5C-N