Flashcard Set Preview
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biological psychology
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a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
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neuron
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a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
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dendrite
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the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward...
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axon
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the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are...
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action potential
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a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential...
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threshold
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the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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Dopamine
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influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. excess activity at dopamine receptors...
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Serotonin
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affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. Prozac and similar antidepressant drugs raise serotonin...
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Norepinephrine
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helps control alertness and arousal
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Gamma-amniobutyric acid (GABA)
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serves inhibitory functions and is sometimes implicated in eating and sleep disorders.
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Acetylcholine
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works on neurons involved in muscle action, learning, and memory. The neurons that produce...
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endorphins
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"morphine within"-- natural, opiatelike transmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
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nervous system
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the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells...
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of...
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somatic nervous system
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
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autonomic nervous system
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the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the msucles of the internal...
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sympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in...
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
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hypothalamus
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brain region controlling the pituitary gland
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thyroid gland
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affects metabolism
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thyroid gland
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affects metabolism
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thyroid gland
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affects metabolism
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pituitary gland
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secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands
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parathyroids
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help regulate the level of calcium in the blood
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adrenal glands
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inner part, called the medulla, helps trigger the "fight or flight" response
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pancreas
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regulates the level of sugar in the blood
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electroencephalogram (EEG)
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an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface....
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CT (computed tomography) scan
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a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite...
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PET (positron emission tomography) scan
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a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while...
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MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
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a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images...
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medulla
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the base of the brainstem; controls hearbeat and breathing
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thalamus
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the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the...
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cerebellum
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the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement...
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limbic system
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associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and...
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amygdala
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linked to emotion, are within the limbic system
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hypothalamus
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directs several maintenance activites (eating, drinkng, body temperature), helps govern the...
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hippocampus
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essential to memory processing
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glial cells
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cells in the nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
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frontal lobes
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involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments.
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parietal lobes
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the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and towardd the rear; includes...
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occipital lobes
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visual areas, receive visual information from the opposite visual field.
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temporal lobes
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auditory areas, opposite ears
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motor cortex
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controls voluntary movements
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association areas
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areas involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.
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Broca's area
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an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movmements...
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Wernicke's area
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involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.
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