Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Nucleons
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A proton or a neutron
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Nuclide
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General term for any isotope of any element.
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Mass Defect
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Differences between the mass of an atom annd the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons,...
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Nuclear Binding Energy
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Energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons
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Binding energy per nucleon
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The binding energy of the nucleus divided by the number of nucleons it contains
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Band of Stability
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The stable nuclei cluster over a range of neutron-proton ratios
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Nuclear Shell Model
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The nucleons that exist in different energy levels, or shells in the nucleus
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Magic Numbers
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Numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels - 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82,...
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Nuclear Reaction
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A reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom
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Transmutation
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A change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons
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Radioactivity Decay
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The spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by...
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Nuclear Radiation
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Particles or elecromagentic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay.
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Alpha Particle
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Two protons and two neutrons bound together and is emitted fron the nucleus during some kinds...
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Beta Particle
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An electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay.
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Positron
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A particle that has the same mass as an electron, but has a positive charge, and is emitted...
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Gamma Rays
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High-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state...
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Electron Capture
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Occurs when an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom.
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Half-life
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The time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay.
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Decay Series
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A series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide...
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Parent Nuclide
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The heaviest nuclide of a decay series.
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Daughter Nuclides
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The nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclides.
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Transuranium Elements
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Elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei.
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Radioactive Dating
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The process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of...
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Fission
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Process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass.
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Chain Reaction
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A reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can...
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Nuclear Power Plants
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These use heat from nuclear reactors to produce electrical energy.
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Critical Mass
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The minimum amount of nuclide that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain...
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Nuclear Reactors
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These use controlled-fission chain reactions to produce energy or radioactive nuclides.
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Nuclear Fusion
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Light-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.
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Artificial Transmutation
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Bombardment of stable nuclei with charged and uncharged particles.
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| 31 |
Film Badge
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A device that uses exposure of film to measure the approximate radiation exposure of people...
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Geiger-Muller Counter
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An instrument that detects radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas ionized by...
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Radioactive Tracer
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A radioactive atom that is incorporated into a substance so that movement of the substance...
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rem
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The quantity of ionizing radiation that does as much damage to human tissue as is done by 1...
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Roentgen
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A unit used to measure nuclear radiation; equal to the amount of radiation that produces 2E9...
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Scintillation Counter
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An instrument that converts scintillating light to an electric signal for detecting radiation.
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Control Rods
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Neutron-absorbing rods that help control a nuclear reaction by controlling the number of free...
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| 38 |
Moderator
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A material used to slow down the fast neutrons produced by fission.
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| 39 |
Shielding
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Radiation-absorbing material that is used to decrease exposure to radiation, especially gamma...
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| 40 |
Nuclear Waste
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Radioactive products of fusion and fission reactions.
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| 41 |
Radioactive Nuclide
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An unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay.
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