Anatomy of the Brain

52 cards

Various parts of the brain, neurons, neurotransmitters, and their functions.

Created Dec 7, 2006
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	Side A	Side B
1	Cerebral Cortex	Primary motor area, somatosensory area, visual area, auditory, and association.
2	Corpus Callosum	Connects Two Hemispheres of the brain
3	Hippocampus	Memory, especially episodes
4	Amygdala	mediating emotion, especially fear
5	Thalamus	Directs incoming information from the sense receptors to the cerebrum; helps control sleep...
6	Hypothalmus	Mediates eating, drinking and sexual behavior; regulates endocrine activity and maintains homeostasis;...
7	Cerebellum	Concerned with the coordination of movement and motor learning.
8	Reticular formation	Helps control arousal and focus attention on specific stimulii
9	Medulla	Controls breathing and reflexes to help maintain upright posture.
10	Somatic system	Carries messages to and from teh sense receptors, muscles and surface of the body.
11	Autonomic system	Connects with the internal organs and glands.
12	Central core	Regulates primitive behaviors
13	Limbic system	Controls emotions
14	Cerebral cortex	Outer Layer of cerebrum "gray matter"
15	Central sulcus	groove that separates frontal lobe from rest of brain.
16	Primary Motor Area	Directly in front of central fissure, different areas of PMA cause different body parts to...
17	Primary Somatosensory Area	Opposite side of central fissure from Primary motor area, Different areas of PSA connected...
18	Primary Visual area	At back of each occipital lobe.
19	Primary Auditory Area	Located at the side of each hemisphere. Different areas represent different tones.
20	Left Hemisphere	Right visual field, Main language center, calculation, speech writing, olfaction left nostril
21	Right hemisphere	Left visual field, nonverbal ideation, spacial construction, olfaction right nostril.
22	aphasia	language deficits caused by brain damage
23	Weinicke Area	Temporal lobe of left hemisphere, understanding of verbal communication.
24	sympathetic nercous system	active during intense arousal
25	parasympathetic nervous system	associated with rest
26	hormones	chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream and transported to other parts...
27	Behavior genetics	Combines the methods of genetics and psychology to study the inheritance of behavioraal characeristics.
28	sexual selection	yields traits that promote reproductive success in the sex with the greater potential reproductive...
29	Acetylcholine	connected to alzheimer's disease, controls muscles, some nerve gases block the release which...
30	Norepinephrine	Connected to mood, Cocaine and amphetamines increase amounts by slowing reuptake, lithium speeds...
31	Dopamine	Intense feelings of pleasure, connected to addiction, schizophrenia (too much), parkinsons...
32	Serotonin	mood regulation, low levels connected to depression, lsd binds to it
33	Glutamate	depolarizes neurons, schizophrenia
34	GABA	Gamma-aminobutryric acid, inhibitory transmitter.
35	Neuron	a specialized cell that transmits neural impulses or messages to other neuron, glands, and...
36	dendrites	receive neural impulses from adjacent neurons.
37	axon	slender tube that extends from teh soma and transmits messages to other neurons
38	synapse	slight gap between the terminal button and the cell body or dendrites of the receiving neuron
39	neurotransmitter	a chemical that diffuses across the synaptic gap and stimulates the next neuron
40	nerve	a buncle of elongated axons belonging to hundreds or thousands of neurons
41	glial cells	nonneural cells in the nervous system, glue/padding
42	action potential	an electrochemical impulse that travels from teh cell body down to the end of the axon
43	ion channels	doughnut shaped protein molecules that form pores across the cell membrane, regulate flow of...
44	resting membrane potential	electrical potential of a neuron at rest
45	saltatory conduction	nerve impulse jumps from one node of ranvier to the next
46	node of ranvier	gap between myelin sheathes
47	myelin sheath	glial cell wrapped around axon which speeds up electrical transmissions
48	receptors	proteins lodged in the dendritic membrane of the receiving or postsynaptic neuron
49	excitatory effect	depolarizes neuron
50	inhibitory effect	hyperpolarizes neuron
51	reuptake	reabsorption of the neurotransmitter by the synaptic terminals from which it was released
52	degredation	the reaction of enzymes in a synaptic gap with the neurotransmitter to break it up chemically...