Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
amount of acoustic energy reaching the tissues
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dosage
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| 2 |
mechanical output dosage ______ target tissue dosage
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does not equal
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| 3 |
dosage is determined by (5)
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1. frequency 2. intensity 3. duty cycle 4. area 5. time
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| 4 |
if tissue is 1-2 cm use which frequency
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3 MHz
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| 5 |
if tissue is 4-5 cm use which frequency
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1 MHz
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| 6 |
frequency and depth have a ______ relationship
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inverse
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| 7 |
the amount of acoustic energy delivered by the machine
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intensity
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| 8 |
higher intensity = _____ acoustic power = ______ energy delivered to tissue
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higher, more
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| 9 |
what does SATA stand for
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spatial average temporal average
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| 10 |
pulsing will ____ the overall amount of energy delivered to the tissue
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decrease
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| 11 |
for non-thermal effects use which duty cycle
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10%, 20%, 50%
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| 12 |
for thermal effects use which duty cycle
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100%
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| 13 |
for non-thermal effects use which intensity
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< 1 W/cm2
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| 14 |
for thermal effects use which intensity
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> 1 W/cm2
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| 15 |
SATA =
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intensity * duty cycle
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| 16 |
which intensities would you use for acute, sub-acute, and chonic conditions
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acute = 0.1-0.3 W/cm2sub-acute = 0.2-0.5 W/cm2chronic = 0.3-0.8 W/cm2
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| 17 |
ED =
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TE / area
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| 18 |
TE =
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SATA * ERA * time
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| 19 |
what should the TE delivered be for ultrasound to be effective
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> 2000 J
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| 20 |
What are 2 conditions US has shown to be effective for
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1. shoulder calcific tendonitis2. carpal tunnel
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| 21 |
what does US do for shoulder calcific tendonitis
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1. reduce pain2. reduce size of calcification
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| 22 |
what does US do for carpal tunnel
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reduce symptoms
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| 23 |
What are the 3 things we are trying to accomplish with US
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1. pro-inflammatory2. increase extensibility of soft tissue3. remodel scar tissue
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| 24 |
what duty cycle should you use on an acute condition
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pulsed
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| 25 |
how does US "decrease inflammation"
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it's pro-inflammaotry, it up-regulates the inflammatory process, enhancing it, and making it...
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| 26 |
How does US increase soft tissue extensibility
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increases visco-elastic properties (creep, stress relaxation, and hysterisis)
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| 27 |
what is creep
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load constant, deformation increases
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| 28 |
what is stress relaxation
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deformation constant, load decreases
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| 29 |
what is hysterisis
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stiffness, loss of energy with loading and unloading
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| 30 |
what kind of temperatures do you need to increase creep or stress relaxation
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> 40 degrees
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| 31 |
heating reduces mechanical tissues of ______
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collagen tissue
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| 32 |
US is capable of heating superficial tendon by ______ or to temperature _____
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4 degrees, or > 40 degrees
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| 33 |
how does US remodel scar tissue (3)
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1. directs orientation of collagen fibers2. promotes conversion of type III collagen to type...
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| 34 |
the remodelling phase is signalled by a reduction in cellular and vascular activities -
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1. machrophages2. fibroblasts3. myofibroblasts4. angiogenesis
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| 35 |
early remodelling process (2)
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1. collagen orientates along lines of stress2. type III collagen to type I collagen
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| 36 |
remodelling over time (2)
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1. increased tensile strength2. increase in collagen mass
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| 37 |
which phase should US be used in
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proliferative
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| 38 |
US can up-regulate (3)
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1. inflammatory process2. fibroblast proliferation3. collagen synthesis (increased mass)
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| 39 |
US can enhance
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1. collagen orientation (increase tensile strength)
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| 40 |
Why does US not break down scar tissue
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need temperatures of 45 degrees to denature bonds, this temp is undesirable, pain receptors...
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