27 and 28 drugs of the cns

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lectures 27 and 28 on medications of the central nervous system

Created Apr 3, 2009
by anebarron

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	Side A	Side B
1	drugs classified according to what?	chemical structure, biochemical actions, therapeutic uses
2	rational approach to treatment?	research cause of disease and then use this info to find a treatment
3	empirical approach to treatment?	find that a drug works, and then study how it works
4	blood brain barrier?	tight junctions between endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries, foot processes of astrocytes
5	the 3 types of barriers in the blood brain barrier	molecular size, charge, and if it can be metabolized
6	what size is allowed thru bbb?	molecular weight uder 1000
7	what charge is allowed thru bbb?	uncharged molecules
8	what is the metabolic suceptibility of bbb?	if the substance can be metabolized by the MAO or COMT enzymes of the endothelial cells
9	characteristics if can cross bbb?	small
10	how do most cns drugs exert their effects?
11	how can drugs affect the signal transduction of a neurotransmitter?	they can mimic the drug, block the drug at the receptor, or enhance or reduce the effects of...
12	what is an example of a beta adrenergic antagonist??	propranalol-prevents epinephrine from binding
13	what is benzodiazopines affect on the neurotransmitter gaba?	facilitate/enhance the effects of gaba, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
14	competitive antagonism binds where?	to same site as the receptor,
15	how do most drugs produce their cns effects?	they alter synaptic transmission
16	how do general anesthetics produce their effect on the cns?	by altering axonal conduction
17	sites for intervention by drugs ???	release, reuptake, uptake and synthesis, metabolism, post synaptic receptor, post synaptic...
18	what is the criteria a compound must fulfil to be considered a neurotransmitter?	present in presynaptic neuron, released upon stimulation, quickly terminated, drugs that block...
19	what are the excitatory amino acids?	aspartic and glutamic acid
20	what are the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters?	gaba and gylcine
21	what is a neuromodulator?	can affect the neuronal function even though its not a nt in the classical sense
22	what is tolerance?	decreased sensitivity to a drug after chronic treatment
23	pharmaokinetic(drug disportional) tolerance is what?	increased ability of body to metabolize a drug-due to induction of enzymes
24	pharmacodynamic tolerance?	changes in the sensitivity of a drug receptor. occurs via changes in sensitivity or changing...
25	what happens if you chronically inhibit a post synaptic receptor?	it can increase its number
26	what is physical dependence?	the physical adaptations that occur in response to chronic drug use
27	what is corss dependence?	taking one drug can stop the symptoms of withdrawl of another drug
28	what is cross tolerance?	tolerance to alcohol makes you able to take larger doses of barbituates and benzodiazopenes
29	how do autocoids work? by what 2 mechanisms?	stimulate nociceptors directly or enhance sensitivity of nociceptors to other stumuli
30	what is substance p? how does it work?	released from c fibers, peptidergic neurotrans/neuromodulator. works transmission of pain information...
31	what are endorphins/enkaaphlins? how and where do they work?	polypeptides opiods neurot/neurohorm that modulate and control the processing of pain...
32	what is seratonin? how does it work? where does it work?	neurotransmitter that modulates pain information in the spinal cord and thalamus
33	how do aspirin ibprofen and nsaids biochemically stop pain?	they inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase that synthesizes prostaglandins
34	what are the functions of aspirin ib and nsaids?	1. peripherally reduce inflammation by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis 2. decrease sensitivity...
35	whats the deal with tylenol(acetaminophen)?	it does not work in the periphery to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, it only works in the cns...
36	how do local anesthetics work?	they block the sodium channels and prevent neuronal depolarizaion>they block the axonal...
37	how do you feel with local anesthetics?	loss of sensory and motor function, at low doses you only affect the sensory function (c fibers)
38	local anesthetics are used for what type of pain?	profound analgesia for acute proceedures and also for severe chronic pain in a nerve block
39	opiods work how? there are 1,2 ways	1.they act in the lymbic syste, to modify the patients reaction to pain 2. act in the spinal...
40	where are b-endorphins found?	hypothalamus, pituitary, limbic area
41	where are enkephalins found?	brainstem, limbic, adrenals, spinal cord
42	how are endorphins and enkaphalins working in the spinal cord dorsal horn?	they are blocking the opiod receptors and preventing the release of substance P from the afferent...