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Side A ------ Side B What is the Gram and microscopic arrangement of both staph and micrococcus? ------ Gram +Cocci in clusters, pairs or tetrads Are staph and micrococcus catalase positive or negative? ------ Positive What sites of infection are staph infections associated with? ------ various skin and mucosal surfaces when strain gains entrance to normally sterile site Is S. aureus coagulase negative or positive? ------ Positive What are 3 diseases associated with Staph aureus? ------ Impetigo - skin infectionScalded skin syndrome - affects babiesToxic shock syndrome - systemic What 3 species of Staph are assoc. with nosocomial infections other than S. aureus? ------ S. epidermidisS. haemolyticusS. lugdunenis Are S. epidermidus, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunenis coag neg or pos? ------ negative What two characteristics of S. epidermidis enhances its likelihood of infection? ------ Its production of an exopolysaccharide that enhances attachment and its ability to acquire resistance to most antimicrobial agents used in the hospital How is S. lugdunensis differentiated from other coag neg staph from sterile sites? ------ PYR pos and pos for ornithine decarboxylase Why does S. lugdunensis need to be differentiated from other coag neg staph from sterile sites? ------ Because it has different interpretative criteria for oxacillin What infection is S. saprophyticus most commonly assoc. with? ------ community acquired urinary tract infections in young sexually active females What media can be used to cultivate staph and micrococcus? ------ 5% sheep blood agar, Chocolate agar, broth blood cultures, Nutrient broths What selective media is used to isolate staph? ------ Mannitol salt agar What would a colony with a yellow halo on an MSA plate indicate? ------ that it is a staph colony that can ferment mannitol What are the incubation conditions to cultivate staph on BAP, chocolate and MSA? ------ BAP and Chocolate - 35oC in CO2 or ambient air from 24 hrMSA 48-72 hr What is the cultural characteristics of S. aureus on BAP? ------ med - large colonies, smooth, slightly raised, translucent, creamy yellowBeta hemolytic! What are the cultural characteristics of S. epidermidis on BAP? ------ small - med colonies, translucent, gray-white, non or alpha hemolytic, sticky (slime producing) What are the cultural characteristics of S. saprophyticus? ------ large, glossy, opaque, convex, Usually white (can be yellow or orange) What are the cultural characteristics of Micrococcus on BAP? ------ small - med, non-hemolytic, variety of pigments but usually yellow, opaque and convex What is the efffect of Lysostaphin on micrococcus versus staph? ------ Micrococcus - no lysisStaph - lysis Are micrococcus and staph resistant or susceptible to furazolidone? ------ Micrococcus - resistantStaph - susceptible Are micrococcus and staph resistant or susceptible to and A disc? ------ Micrococcus - susceptibleStaph - resistant What are the oxidase reactions of micrococcus and staph? ------ micrococcus - posstaph - neg Are micrococcus and staph aerobic, anaerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or microaerophilic? ------ Micrococcus - aerobicStaph - facultatively anaerobic What is staph aureus's DNA hydrolysis rxn? ------ S. aureus - positive What are the two coagulase tests? ------ Rapid slide test and tube test What does a positive rapid slide test indicate? ------ bound coagulase - clumping factor what does a positive tube coagulase test indicate? ------ free coagulase - clotting factor What is S. intermedius assoc with? ------ dog bite wound infections? What is S. intermedius most often confused with? ------ S. aureus What are the characteristics of S. intermedius? ------ white - yellow, creamy opaque coloniescatalase and coagulase pos When should coag negative staph be identified to species? ------ For normally sterile sites, isolates from prosthetic devices or catheters, isolates from urinary tract infections What serodiagnosis for staph can be done? ------ antibodies to teichoic acid - wall component of gram + bacteria What antimicrobial susceptibilities might be run on Staph species? ------ penicillin - almost all resistantMethicillin, oxacillinVancomycin is alternative for resistant strainsDaptomycin may be done if MIC for Vancomycin is too high What infections are micrococcus associated with and what antimicrobials is it susceptible to? ------ Rarely infects humansSusceptible to most beta-lactams = penicillin
Side A ------ Side B What is the Gram and microscopic arrangement of both staph and micrococcus? ------ Gram +Cocci in clusters, pairs or tetrads Are staph and micrococcus catalase positive or negative? ------ Positive What sites of infection are staph infections associated with? ------ various skin and mucosal surfaces when strain gains entrance to normally sterile site Is S. aureus coagulase negative or positive? ------ Positive What are 3 diseases associated with Staph aureus? ------ Impetigo - skin infectionScalded skin syndrome - affects babiesToxic shock syndrome - systemic What 3 species of Staph are assoc. with nosocomial infections other than S. aureus? ------ S. epidermidisS. haemolyticusS. lugdunenis Are S. epidermidus, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunenis coag neg or pos? ------ negative What two characteristics of S. epidermidis enhances its likelihood of infection? ------ Its production of an exopolysaccharide that enhances attachment and its ability to acquire resistance to most antimicrobial agents used in the hospital How is S. lugdunensis differentiated from other coag neg staph from sterile sites? ------ PYR pos and pos for ornithine decarboxylase Why does S. lugdunensis need to be differentiated from other coag neg staph from sterile sites? ------ Because it has different interpretative criteria for oxacillin What infection is S. saprophyticus most commonly assoc. with? ------ community acquired urinary tract infections in young sexually active females What media can be used to cultivate staph and micrococcus? ------ 5% sheep blood agar, Chocolate agar, broth blood cultures, Nutrient broths What selective media is used to isolate staph? ------ Mannitol salt agar What would a colony with a yellow halo on an MSA plate indicate? ------ that it is a staph colony that can ferment mannitol What are the incubation conditions to cultivate staph on BAP, chocolate and MSA? ------ BAP and Chocolate - 35oC in CO2 or ambient air from 24 hrMSA 48-72 hr What is the cultural characteristics of S. aureus on BAP? ------ med - large colonies, smooth, slightly raised, translucent, creamy yellowBeta hemolytic! What are the cultural characteristics of S. epidermidis on BAP? ------ small - med colonies, translucent, gray-white, non or alpha hemolytic, sticky (slime producing) What are the cultural characteristics of S. saprophyticus? ------ large, glossy, opaque, convex, Usually white (can be yellow or orange) What are the cultural characteristics of Micrococcus on BAP? ------ small - med, non-hemolytic, variety of pigments but usually yellow, opaque and convex What is the efffect of Lysostaphin on micrococcus versus staph? ------ Micrococcus - no lysisStaph - lysis Are micrococcus and staph resistant or susceptible to furazolidone? ------ Micrococcus - resistantStaph - susceptible Are micrococcus and staph resistant or susceptible to and A disc? ------ Micrococcus - susceptibleStaph - resistant What are the oxidase reactions of micrococcus and staph? ------ micrococcus - posstaph - neg Are micrococcus and staph aerobic, anaerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or microaerophilic? ------ Micrococcus - aerobicStaph - facultatively anaerobic What is staph aureus's DNA hydrolysis rxn? ------ S. aureus - positive What are the two coagulase tests? ------ Rapid slide test and tube test What does a positive rapid slide test indicate? ------ bound coagulase - clumping factor what does a positive tube coagulase test indicate? ------ free coagulase - clotting factor What is S. intermedius assoc with? ------ dog bite wound infections? What is S. intermedius most often confused with? ------ S. aureus What are the characteristics of S. intermedius? ------ white - yellow, creamy opaque coloniescatalase and coagulase pos When should coag negative staph be identified to species? ------ For normally sterile sites, isolates from prosthetic devices or catheters, isolates from urinary tract infections What serodiagnosis for staph can be done? ------ antibodies to teichoic acid - wall component of gram + bacteria What antimicrobial susceptibilities might be run on Staph species? ------ penicillin - almost all resistantMethicillin, oxacillinVancomycin is alternative for resistant strainsDaptomycin may be done if MIC for Vancomycin is too high What infections are micrococcus associated with and what antimicrobials is it susceptible to? ------ Rarely infects humansSusceptible to most beta-lactams = penicillin
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