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Side A ------ Side B
Sociology ------ perspective. way of looking at individuals as members of society and social groups. "scientific study of human societies and culture and social behavior"
Sociological Imagination ------ the ability to see how our own individual lives are influenced by outside forces and our own personality.
Marriage squeeze ------ as women get older and more educated, their dating pool gets smaller and smaller
Knowledge claims ------ statements about how social interaction or social institutions work
Functionalist theory ------ functionalism - they believe social institutions keep society alive. (family, economy, government, religion, media, etc.)
Symbolic Interactionism ------ someone who studies face to face interaction. personal day to day interactions. look at language gestures
Conflict theory ------ Karl Marx. opposite from functionalism. "the structure of society is the source of inequality"
Feminist theory ------ a branch of conflict theory. focuses on gender as the source of inequality. women have less power and influence
Empirical research ------ systematic, careful and controlled
Probabilistic research ------ It's probable but not proven
Purposeful research ------ guided by a hunch or theories
Surveys ------ questionnaire, interview, can be done by telephone or mail
Participant observation ------ go out and participate in a situation and take notes
Secondary analysis ------ using data that somebody has already collected
Experiment ------ not usually done in sociology except for criminology
Validity ------ extent to which we are measuring what we intend to measure
Reliability ------ extent to which our data produces consistent results
Generalizability ------ can we make the same claims for everybody?
Ethics of social research ------ informed consent, privacy, confidentiality
Nonmaterial culture ------ "symbolic culture" refers to to all the non-physical products in society
Material culture ------ physical products of a culture
Ethnocentrism ------ we internalize our culture and believe its the right way
Cultural relativism ------ understanding a culture, behavior, or practice on its own terms
Values ------ romantic love, material comfort, achievement & success, education, family, etc.
Norms ------ guidelines for values, expectations, or rules for behavior
Folkways ------ everyday norms. less serious punishment when broken
Mores ------ norms that are sometimes put into law. taken seriously by society (jay walking, underage drinking)
Taboos ------ when break people are disgusted (abuse, incest)
Institutionalized norms ------ a pattern of behavior that happens to everybody so much that it becomes an expectation (marriage)
Subcultures ------ cultures that exist within another culture. groups whose values are distinct but they are set off of the dominant one (Amish, gangs)
countercultures ------ groups whose values are in opposition from the dominant culture
Looking-glass self ------ society provides us a mirror in which to see ourselves. this leads to the development of our self concept
Socialization ------ The process by which we learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors of the groups to which we belong
Agents of socialization ------ places, people, or groups that teach us our gender role same as institutions (family, peers, education, media, etc)
Gender socialization ------ The ways society sets children in separate directions because they are male or female
Resocialization ------ re-socialized when you change situations
Macrosociology ------ Studies society by looking at the social structure, or systems, by looking at how its set up
Microsociology ------ Studies the face to face, day to day, interactons
Social class ------ where you come from, surroundings
Ascribed social status ------ born into it or enter into it involuntarily
Achieved social status ------ positions we earn
Roles ------ behaviors and obligations of the status driver
Dramatury Theory - Erving Goffman ------ Comparison of social life to a theater. always trying to portray a positive impression of ourselves
Impression management ------ steps to ensure you're always giving off a favorable image
Front stage ------ where we deliver our lines, where we manage our impression
Back stage ------ Where we can stop managing our impression, where you let your hair down
Mismanaged impressions/spoiled identities ------ you let someone in your backstage, midhandle props, mess up your lines, spoils your indentity
Face-saving techniques ------ to save our credibility when we mess up
Account ------ a verbal statement to explain embarrassing or unacceptable behavior
Disclaimer ------ a verbal statement we use before we embarrass ourselves
Cooling out ------ smooth over a situation. take some of the blame off the situation
Game Theory ------ examines how we can make choices in situations where we have some control, but not all
Social capital ------ how we depend on others to help us accomplish our goals "it's not what you know, it's who you know"
James Coleman and coalition building ------ interested in public policy on others to help us accomplish our goals
Social network theory ------ the characteristics of the nodes doesn't matter, the ties between people is more important
Nodes ------ actors
Ties ------ relationships between nodes
Social groups ------ a number of people who have something in common and identify together
Anomie ------ society: a state of normlessness. individual state of disconnect. happens when society is turned upside down.
Mechanical solidarity ------ similarities tie people together
Organic solidarity ------ when societies grow and become dense, differences keep them together
Primary cohesion groups ------ small groups with people having direct contact with one another
Secondary cohesion groups ------ more formal and impersonal, usually come together for a specific task
In-groups ------ groups to which you feel loyal to
Out-groups ------ groups we feel antagonistic towards
Reference groups ------ a group we use to evaluate ourselves
Group dynamics ------ affect our behaviors. Duad - small groups are more influential, the larger the group the less influential 
Instrumental leaders ------ somebody who wants to get the job done
Expressive leaders ------ lead by tapping into emotions
Group think ------ narrowing of thought. you change your mind to match the group
Deviance ------ violation of social norms
Relativist ------ looks at deviance and how it varies
Social control ------ how we enforce norms
Informal social control ------ shaking heads, starring
Formal social control ------ arrested, detention, expulsion

Side A ------ Side B
Sociology ------ perspective. way of looking at individuals as members of society and social groups. "scientific study of human societies and culture and social behavior"
Sociological Imagination ------ the ability to see how our own individual lives are influenced by outside forces and our own personality.
Marriage squeeze ------ as women get older and more educated, their dating pool gets smaller and smaller
Knowledge claims ------ statements about how social interaction or social institutions work
Functionalist theory ------ functionalism - they believe social institutions keep society alive. (family, economy, government, religion, media, etc.)
Symbolic Interactionism ------ someone who studies face to face interaction. personal day to day interactions. look at language gestures
Conflict theory ------ Karl Marx. opposite from functionalism. "the structure of society is the source of inequality"
Feminist theory ------ a branch of conflict theory. focuses on gender as the source of inequality. women have less power and influence
Empirical research ------ systematic, careful and controlled
Probabilistic research ------ It's probable but not proven
Purposeful research ------ guided by a hunch or theories
Surveys ------ questionnaire, interview, can be done by telephone or mail
Participant observation ------ go out and participate in a situation and take notes
Secondary analysis ------ using data that somebody has already collected
Experiment ------ not usually done in sociology except for criminology
Validity ------ extent to which we are measuring what we intend to measure
Reliability ------ extent to which our data produces consistent results
Generalizability ------ can we make the same claims for everybody?
Ethics of social research ------ informed consent, privacy, confidentiality
Nonmaterial culture ------ "symbolic culture" refers to to all the non-physical products in society
Material culture ------ physical products of a culture
Ethnocentrism ------ we internalize our culture and believe its the right way
Cultural relativism ------ understanding a culture, behavior, or practice on its own terms
Values ------ romantic love, material comfort, achievement & success, education, family, etc.
Norms ------ guidelines for values, expectations, or rules for behavior
Folkways ------ everyday norms. less serious punishment when broken
Mores ------ norms that are sometimes put into law. taken seriously by society (jay walking, underage drinking)
Taboos ------ when break people are disgusted (abuse, incest)
Institutionalized norms ------ a pattern of behavior that happens to everybody so much that it becomes an expectation (marriage)
Subcultures ------ cultures that exist within another culture. groups whose values are distinct but they are set off of the dominant one (Amish, gangs)
countercultures ------ groups whose values are in opposition from the dominant culture
Looking-glass self ------ society provides us a mirror in which to see ourselves. this leads to the development of our self concept
Socialization ------ The process by which we learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors of the groups to which we belong
Agents of socialization ------ places, people, or groups that teach us our gender role same as institutions (family, peers, education, media, etc)
Gender socialization ------ The ways society sets children in separate directions because they are male or female
Resocialization ------ re-socialized when you change situations
Macrosociology ------ Studies society by looking at the social structure, or systems, by looking at how its set up
Microsociology ------ Studies the face to face, day to day, interactons
Social class ------ where you come from, surroundings
Ascribed social status ------ born into it or enter into it involuntarily
Achieved social status ------ positions we earn
Roles ------ behaviors and obligations of the status driver
Dramatury Theory - Erving Goffman ------ Comparison of social life to a theater. always trying to portray a positive impression of ourselves
Impression management ------ steps to ensure you're always giving off a favorable image
Front stage ------ where we deliver our lines, where we manage our impression
Back stage ------ Where we can stop managing our impression, where you let your hair down
Mismanaged impressions/spoiled identities ------ you let someone in your backstage, midhandle props, mess up your lines, spoils your indentity
Face-saving techniques ------ to save our credibility when we mess up
Account ------ a verbal statement to explain embarrassing or unacceptable behavior
Disclaimer ------ a verbal statement we use before we embarrass ourselves
Cooling out ------ smooth over a situation. take some of the blame off the situation
Game Theory ------ examines how we can make choices in situations where we have some control, but not all
Social capital ------ how we depend on others to help us accomplish our goals "it's not what you know, it's who you know"
James Coleman and coalition building ------ interested in public policy on others to help us accomplish our goals
Social network theory ------ the characteristics of the nodes doesn't matter, the ties between people is more important
Nodes ------ actors
Ties ------ relationships between nodes
Social groups ------ a number of people who have something in common and identify together
Anomie ------ society: a state of normlessness. individual state of disconnect. happens when society is turned upside down.
Mechanical solidarity ------ similarities tie people together
Organic solidarity ------ when societies grow and become dense, differences keep them together
Primary cohesion groups ------ small groups with people having direct contact with one another
Secondary cohesion groups ------ more formal and impersonal, usually come together for a specific task
In-groups ------ groups to which you feel loyal to
Out-groups ------ groups we feel antagonistic towards
Reference groups ------ a group we use to evaluate ourselves
Group dynamics ------ affect our behaviors. Duad - small groups are more influential, the larger the group the less influential 
Instrumental leaders ------ somebody who wants to get the job done
Expressive leaders ------ lead by tapping into emotions
Group think ------ narrowing of thought. you change your mind to match the group
Deviance ------ violation of social norms
Relativist ------ looks at deviance and how it varies
Social control ------ how we enforce norms
Informal social control ------ shaking heads, starring
Formal social control ------ arrested, detention, expulsion