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Side A ------ Side B
The exam consists of material on:Chapter 5: The Implementation StageChapter 6: Inclusive Approaches to Policy-MakingChapter 7: Influencing Policy From Outside the SystemChapter 8: Chalk & Cheese (Feminism)Chapter 10: Policy-Making in Aboriginal Child and Family Services. ------ Blank
Chapter 5: The Implementation Stage ------ -This is the stage of policy making where policy and practice become inseparable.-Practitioners or front line workers are integral in a policy's implementation.
Practitioners or front line workers have a variety of options for influencing a policy: ------ 1) They can implement the policy as intended2)They can enhance benefits for service users within their span of control.3) Resist policy implementation through non-compliance or other means.
Clearance Points: ------ Policies encounter crucial junctures where opportunities exist to alter direction. The longer the chain from head to field offices, the vaguer the statement of policy objectives.
Top-Down Approach ------ An approach to implementation where head office takes charge of the process and proceeds down to field offices or front line staff.
Bottom-up or Backwards Mapping ------ Policy making as starting at the source of the problem, those most affected such as service users and practitioners and emanate up to the top or head offices. 
Two Variables of Effective Implementation: ------ The Capacities and commitment of practitionersThe Centralization of power within the head office       (The greater distance between head & field offices, the greater autonomy of the latter)
Chapter 6: Inclusive Approaches to Policy-Making ------ Blank
There are benefits and risks to inclusive models of policy-making            Risks: ------ - Does not ultimately guarantee inclusive or social justice frameworks-Those with more power may still exercise control    ---------In centralized policy making there is a lack of voice                          (Tokenism)
There are benefits and risks to inclusive models of policy-making        Benefits: ------ - Respect for Principle of Affected Interests
Vertical-Slice Approach   ------ An inclusive approach to policy making consisting of gathering input from representatives of all levels within an organization. (May include service users)
4 Approaches or Models to Inclusive Policy-Making          1) Backward Mapping:          2) Shared Decision-Making Model          3) Policy Communities          4) Community Governance ------ Get your head into this, focus!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!In-depth view of the three key models...
Backward Mapping: ------ Starting from the source of the problem, or those who experience it foremost. Checking with affected to make sure the policy reflects their views and interests.
Shared Decision Making: ------ Inclusive approach to take into account the views of those strongly opposed to the project       -Round table discussions with a moderator   -Meant to clear up each groups misconceptions of the other
Policy Communities: ------ Loosely knit groups of individuals with interest in a policy area.    -Can include politicians, civil servants and community agency representatives.   Policy Communities in financially grounded sectors such as logging and oil development have more say than others
Community Governance: ------ - Devolution of governmental responsibility through community boards etc... ex: school boards, health councils
Community Governance (continued):Four Principles: AAAL ------ Affinity: Right to have services available to diverse pop.Affected Interests: Right to have a say in policies/services that affect youAccessibility: Services available in the communityLow Levels of Bureaucratization 
Community Governance (continued):     The Positives (+) ------ -Individuals have more respect for laws/services/policies that they had been consulted over.-Projects which people have helped to set up and implement are preferred.
Community Governance (continued):      The Negatives (-) ------ -Acute Localitis: Community could become closed/isolated and intolerant of other views-Could be perceived as a way for neo-liberal governments to cut costs by decentralization.
Chapter 7: Influencing Policy From Outside the System ------ This chapter looks at the roles of unions, professional associations, think tanks, social movements & advocacy groups.- Often Involving the media & whistle blowing
Unions and Professional Associations in Policy-Making ------ Unions are instrumental in policy making and have been successful in pay equity, workload issues and working conditions-Professional Associations help to regulate their industries.
Think Tanks ------ Organizations that do research on public/social issues   -Often have certain ideologies, for example: Fraser Institute - focuses on free market approach to social policy-making
Social Movements & Policy Advocate Groups ------ Social movements such as the Independent Living Movement have significant influence on social policy. Using a broadly based network of organizations with common interests.Focused on human rights legislation, embracing collective action and being critical of dominant values in society.
Whistle Blowing (3 Components) ------ 1) Presence of Dissent (Awareness of wrongdoing)2) Breach of Loyalty3) Accusation (Complaint Registered)
Chapter 8: Chalk and Cheese (Feminism) ------ -Some argue feminist agenda has been accomplished, but many issues are still outstanding.-Feminist thinking challenges conventional wisdom of equality.
Chapter 8: Chalk and Cheese (Feminism) ------ Only 22% of federal politicians are womenInequality is analyzed in everyday lifeMany institutions controlled by middle-aged menWorld view needs to be deconstructed
Second wave of feminism (60s & 70s)   The Personal is Political: ------ Individual subjugation and disadvantages can be connected to informal and formal structures.
Feminism in Policy-Making ------ -Analysis of policies and their impacts on individual women-Gender based analysis challenges that everyone is affected by policies in a similar way-It is important to remember that not all women are affected the same. Women of lower socio-economic status are often affected more adversely
Historical Landmarks ------ The right to vote  -1918Women as persons - 1929Royal Commission on Status of Women (1977) led to many policies and programs to address inequalities.
Neo-liberal ideologies challenge women's rightsInternational connections with other feminist groups to challenge adverse affects of globalization ------ Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action       -Coalition of over 75 Canadian women's groups to further women's rights
Chapter 10: Policy-Making in Aboriginal Child and Family Services ------ The aboriginal context of policy-making and policy analysis is important to analyze:1) Aboriginal people most marginalized2) Aboriginal ways help us appreciate and consider different worldviews, values, etc...3) Despite its many challenges aboriginals have strengths and resiliency which are important in moving forward
Two critical issues in Aboriginal policy-making ------ Jurisdictional control issuesFunding issues.Funding is through Dept. of Indian and Northern Affairs.One issue is funding on reserves where limited services are available.
Shared Decision-Making (In an aboriginal context) ------ Interaction between govt. and community is essentialAim: Establish mutually acceptable policies and programs.The process is to be collaborative or a partnership.
Creating policy communities and community governance: ------ Provincial initiative in Manitoba to restructure child welfare related to new aboriginal authorities who would assume responsibility for child welfare-This transfer of jurisdiction to aboriginal community reflects a policy community approach

Side A ------ Side B
The exam consists of material on:Chapter 5: The Implementation StageChapter 6: Inclusive Approaches to Policy-MakingChapter 7: Influencing Policy From Outside the SystemChapter 8: Chalk & Cheese (Feminism)Chapter 10: Policy-Making in Aboriginal Child and Family Services. ------ Blank
Chapter 5: The Implementation Stage ------ -This is the stage of policy making where policy and practice become inseparable.-Practitioners or front line workers are integral in a policy's implementation.
Practitioners or front line workers have a variety of options for influencing a policy: ------ 1) They can implement the policy as intended2)They can enhance benefits for service users within their span of control.3) Resist policy implementation through non-compliance or other means.
Clearance Points: ------ Policies encounter crucial junctures where opportunities exist to alter direction. The longer the chain from head to field offices, the vaguer the statement of policy objectives.
Top-Down Approach ------ An approach to implementation where head office takes charge of the process and proceeds down to field offices or front line staff.
Bottom-up or Backwards Mapping ------ Policy making as starting at the source of the problem, those most affected such as service users and practitioners and emanate up to the top or head offices. 
Two Variables of Effective Implementation: ------ The Capacities and commitment of practitionersThe Centralization of power within the head office       (The greater distance between head & field offices, the greater autonomy of the latter)
Chapter 6: Inclusive Approaches to Policy-Making ------ Blank
There are benefits and risks to inclusive models of policy-making            Risks: ------ - Does not ultimately guarantee inclusive or social justice frameworks-Those with more power may still exercise control    ---------In centralized policy making there is a lack of voice                          (Tokenism)
There are benefits and risks to inclusive models of policy-making        Benefits: ------ - Respect for Principle of Affected Interests
Vertical-Slice Approach   ------ An inclusive approach to policy making consisting of gathering input from representatives of all levels within an organization. (May include service users)
4 Approaches or Models to Inclusive Policy-Making          1) Backward Mapping:          2) Shared Decision-Making Model          3) Policy Communities          4) Community Governance ------ Get your head into this, focus!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!In-depth view of the three key models...
Backward Mapping: ------ Starting from the source of the problem, or those who experience it foremost. Checking with affected to make sure the policy reflects their views and interests.
Shared Decision Making: ------ Inclusive approach to take into account the views of those strongly opposed to the project       -Round table discussions with a moderator   -Meant to clear up each groups misconceptions of the other
Policy Communities: ------ Loosely knit groups of individuals with interest in a policy area.    -Can include politicians, civil servants and community agency representatives.   Policy Communities in financially grounded sectors such as logging and oil development have more say than others
Community Governance: ------ - Devolution of governmental responsibility through community boards etc... ex: school boards, health councils
Community Governance (continued):Four Principles: AAAL ------ Affinity: Right to have services available to diverse pop.Affected Interests: Right to have a say in policies/services that affect youAccessibility: Services available in the communityLow Levels of Bureaucratization 
Community Governance (continued):     The Positives (+) ------ -Individuals have more respect for laws/services/policies that they had been consulted over.-Projects which people have helped to set up and implement are preferred.
Community Governance (continued):      The Negatives (-) ------ -Acute Localitis: Community could become closed/isolated and intolerant of other views-Could be perceived as a way for neo-liberal governments to cut costs by decentralization.
Chapter 7: Influencing Policy From Outside the System ------ This chapter looks at the roles of unions, professional associations, think tanks, social movements & advocacy groups.- Often Involving the media & whistle blowing
Unions and Professional Associations in Policy-Making ------ Unions are instrumental in policy making and have been successful in pay equity, workload issues and working conditions-Professional Associations help to regulate their industries.
Think Tanks ------ Organizations that do research on public/social issues   -Often have certain ideologies, for example: Fraser Institute - focuses on free market approach to social policy-making
Social Movements & Policy Advocate Groups ------ Social movements such as the Independent Living Movement have significant influence on social policy. Using a broadly based network of organizations with common interests.Focused on human rights legislation, embracing collective action and being critical of dominant values in society.
Whistle Blowing (3 Components) ------ 1) Presence of Dissent (Awareness of wrongdoing)2) Breach of Loyalty3) Accusation (Complaint Registered)
Chapter 8: Chalk and Cheese (Feminism) ------ -Some argue feminist agenda has been accomplished, but many issues are still outstanding.-Feminist thinking challenges conventional wisdom of equality.
Chapter 8: Chalk and Cheese (Feminism) ------ Only 22% of federal politicians are womenInequality is analyzed in everyday lifeMany institutions controlled by middle-aged menWorld view needs to be deconstructed
Second wave of feminism (60s & 70s)   The Personal is Political: ------ Individual subjugation and disadvantages can be connected to informal and formal structures.
Feminism in Policy-Making ------ -Analysis of policies and their impacts on individual women-Gender based analysis challenges that everyone is affected by policies in a similar way-It is important to remember that not all women are affected the same. Women of lower socio-economic status are often affected more adversely
Historical Landmarks ------ The right to vote  -1918Women as persons - 1929Royal Commission on Status of Women (1977) led to many policies and programs to address inequalities.
Neo-liberal ideologies challenge women's rightsInternational connections with other feminist groups to challenge adverse affects of globalization ------ Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action       -Coalition of over 75 Canadian women's groups to further women's rights
Chapter 10: Policy-Making in Aboriginal Child and Family Services ------ The aboriginal context of policy-making and policy analysis is important to analyze:1) Aboriginal people most marginalized2) Aboriginal ways help us appreciate and consider different worldviews, values, etc...3) Despite its many challenges aboriginals have strengths and resiliency which are important in moving forward
Two critical issues in Aboriginal policy-making ------ Jurisdictional control issuesFunding issues.Funding is through Dept. of Indian and Northern Affairs.One issue is funding on reserves where limited services are available.
Shared Decision-Making (In an aboriginal context) ------ Interaction between govt. and community is essentialAim: Establish mutually acceptable policies and programs.The process is to be collaborative or a partnership.
Creating policy communities and community governance: ------ Provincial initiative in Manitoba to restructure child welfare related to new aboriginal authorities who would assume responsibility for child welfare-This transfer of jurisdiction to aboriginal community reflects a policy community approach