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Social Deviance Test 1
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Side A ------ Side B Norm ------ rule for appropriate behavior Role ------ behavior expected of certain status/ position types of sanctions ------ formal: fine, jail, expulsion, etc informal: ridicule, gossip Neg: punishment Pos: reward 3 forms of norms ------ mores: govern serious behavior folkways: norms govern mundane conduct Laws: written and enforced by gov Social Order ------ carried out by rules and norms NECESSARY for equilibrium in social relations an idealized concept, NEVER acheived Characteristics of a norm ------ 1)associated with roles 2) taught through socialization 3) accompanied by sanctions 4) tend to reflect cultures values 5)take a variety of forms consequences of social order ------ too much leads to more probs no social order = chaos 3 types of variations in deviant behavior ------ - temporal -cultural -situtaional 4 ways to conceptualize deviance ------ 1) absolutist definiton 2) Statistical definition 3) normative conception 4) Reactivist Conception Absolutist Definition ------ certain actions qualify as deviant bc they have always been defined that way (Bible, Koran, etc) Statistical Definition ------ behavior that is rare or strays from statistical average leads to confusion bc logically the minority is always considered deviant Normative Conception ------ "old conception" deviant behavior violates a norm prob: there are so many norms, everyone can be considered deviant Reactivist Conception ------ "new conception". deviant behavior is labeled that way. act = not important REACTION = important Probs: doesnt consider why, ignores norms Moral Entrepreneurs ------ interest groups promote personal set of moral values in attempt to control social life Argument in Defining Deviance Down- DP Moynihan ------ moral standards have been altered to accommodate amount of deviance overtime. More things have become "less serious". *Durkheim and Kai Erikson Durkheim's ideas about crime ------ crime = normal phenomenon "society of saints" collective conscience Collective Conscience ------ totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of same society -common morality Kai Erikson's Wayward Puritan study ------ Mass. Bay Colony- "witches" group only has so many resources to deal w/ deviants and tries to reserve those resources study of deviance in the academic community.. ------ lower prestige field areas because 1) not clearly defined/vast topic 2) deviance - kinda bizarre (not always serious) 3)difficult to collect data 4) nuts, slut, and perverts5) deviant - possible stigma benefits and disadvantages of qualitative method ------ pros: deeper understanding, observe subtle comm, looks for meaningcons: hard to interview deviants, etc Strain theory ------ Robert Merton- deviant behavior repsonse to structural conditions (nurture)goals-means gap5 adaptations 5 adaptations to anomie ------ 1) conformity 2) innonvation 3) Ritualism 4) Retreatism 5) Rebellion Conformity ------ conventional goals and means INNOVATION ------ accept goals, reject means Ritualism ------ going through motion by means, no goals in sight Retreatism ------ reject goals and means REbellion ------ alternative set of goals and means SOcial Learnin theory ------ (integrated theory) deviance is LEARNED in context of primary groups3 componentsR2 = .48 (ron AKERS) 3 components of social learning theory ------ differntial associationdifferential reinforcementdefinitions differential association ------ socialized by grop of ppl who engage in deviance (techniques and mind set) differential reinforcement ------ balance of actual and anticipated rewardssocial (praise) and no -social (effects of drugs/alcohol) definitions ------ attitudes and meanings that a person attatches to behavioracceptable/ unacceptable conflict theory ------ (richard quinney) class struggles occur in capitalist society2 types of deviance (crimes):1)crimes of domination and oppression2)crimes of resistance and accommodation crimes of domination and oppression ------ committed by capatalists to keep superiority crimes of resistance and accomodation ------ offenses committed by working class as reaction to oppression labeling theory ------ (Howard Becker) nothing is inherentppl are labeled deviant3 neg consequencesprimary and secondary deviance 3 neg consequences of being labeled ------ 1) restricted opportunities2) Damaged Intrerpersonal relationships3) Diminished self-concept primary deviance ------ original norm violations. considered undetected by others.detection can start labeling process secondary deviance ------ committed as a result of the labeling process"career deviance" Social Bond Theory ------ "control theory" (Travis Hirschi) R2 = .14natural inclination to engage in deviant acts4 elements 4 elements of social bond theory ------ Attatchment - (works with young) school, family, churchCommitment- (legit) (long-term) stakes in conformityInvolvement- (any given day) conventional activitiesBelief- acceptance of societal rules Akers criteria for judging a theory ------ 1.personal beliefs 2. empirical validity 3. scope (R2) 4. parsimony (how clear) 5. testability functions of deviance ------ 1. strengthen the group (reactions) 2. highlights normss 3. catalyst for change 4. entertainment medicalaization of deviance ------ deviance = medical problem. Bad -> Sick.ex's: addictive behavior, eating disorder, ADHD/ADD, psychiatric, severe PMS Assumptions of medical model ------ caused by physical/ biological defectqualitative difference btwn deviants and normalsneed treatmentdiagnosed by symptoms advantage of medical model ------ humanitarian benefitsless condemnation of deviants disadvnatages of medical model ------ 1) expert domination (medical social control)2)individualizing social problems/ alleviates personal responsibilities)3) political abuse 4) not an adversarial system Thomas Szasz ------ myth of mental illnesscauses lablelingits a psychosocial deviation not a disease The Rosenhan Study ------ fake patients admitted into mental hospital "hearing voices"results: all but 1 admitted. nobody notices normal. average stay = 19days. released with schizophrenia in remission criticisms of Rosenhan study ------ "logic in remission"hearing voices called for no other action but to admit them
Side A ------ Side B Norm ------ rule for appropriate behavior Role ------ behavior expected of certain status/ position types of sanctions ------ formal: fine, jail, expulsion, etc informal: ridicule, gossip Neg: punishment Pos: reward 3 forms of norms ------ mores: govern serious behavior folkways: norms govern mundane conduct Laws: written and enforced by gov Social Order ------ carried out by rules and norms NECESSARY for equilibrium in social relations an idealized concept, NEVER acheived Characteristics of a norm ------ 1)associated with roles 2) taught through socialization 3) accompanied by sanctions 4) tend to reflect cultures values 5)take a variety of forms consequences of social order ------ too much leads to more probs no social order = chaos 3 types of variations in deviant behavior ------ - temporal -cultural -situtaional 4 ways to conceptualize deviance ------ 1) absolutist definiton 2) Statistical definition 3) normative conception 4) Reactivist Conception Absolutist Definition ------ certain actions qualify as deviant bc they have always been defined that way (Bible, Koran, etc) Statistical Definition ------ behavior that is rare or strays from statistical average leads to confusion bc logically the minority is always considered deviant Normative Conception ------ "old conception" deviant behavior violates a norm prob: there are so many norms, everyone can be considered deviant Reactivist Conception ------ "new conception". deviant behavior is labeled that way. act = not important REACTION = important Probs: doesnt consider why, ignores norms Moral Entrepreneurs ------ interest groups promote personal set of moral values in attempt to control social life Argument in Defining Deviance Down- DP Moynihan ------ moral standards have been altered to accommodate amount of deviance overtime. More things have become "less serious". *Durkheim and Kai Erikson Durkheim's ideas about crime ------ crime = normal phenomenon "society of saints" collective conscience Collective Conscience ------ totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of same society -common morality Kai Erikson's Wayward Puritan study ------ Mass. Bay Colony- "witches" group only has so many resources to deal w/ deviants and tries to reserve those resources study of deviance in the academic community.. ------ lower prestige field areas because 1) not clearly defined/vast topic 2) deviance - kinda bizarre (not always serious) 3)difficult to collect data 4) nuts, slut, and perverts5) deviant - possible stigma benefits and disadvantages of qualitative method ------ pros: deeper understanding, observe subtle comm, looks for meaningcons: hard to interview deviants, etc Strain theory ------ Robert Merton- deviant behavior repsonse to structural conditions (nurture)goals-means gap5 adaptations 5 adaptations to anomie ------ 1) conformity 2) innonvation 3) Ritualism 4) Retreatism 5) Rebellion Conformity ------ conventional goals and means INNOVATION ------ accept goals, reject means Ritualism ------ going through motion by means, no goals in sight Retreatism ------ reject goals and means REbellion ------ alternative set of goals and means SOcial Learnin theory ------ (integrated theory) deviance is LEARNED in context of primary groups3 componentsR2 = .48 (ron AKERS) 3 components of social learning theory ------ differntial associationdifferential reinforcementdefinitions differential association ------ socialized by grop of ppl who engage in deviance (techniques and mind set) differential reinforcement ------ balance of actual and anticipated rewardssocial (praise) and no -social (effects of drugs/alcohol) definitions ------ attitudes and meanings that a person attatches to behavioracceptable/ unacceptable conflict theory ------ (richard quinney) class struggles occur in capitalist society2 types of deviance (crimes):1)crimes of domination and oppression2)crimes of resistance and accommodation crimes of domination and oppression ------ committed by capatalists to keep superiority crimes of resistance and accomodation ------ offenses committed by working class as reaction to oppression labeling theory ------ (Howard Becker) nothing is inherentppl are labeled deviant3 neg consequencesprimary and secondary deviance 3 neg consequences of being labeled ------ 1) restricted opportunities2) Damaged Intrerpersonal relationships3) Diminished self-concept primary deviance ------ original norm violations. considered undetected by others.detection can start labeling process secondary deviance ------ committed as a result of the labeling process"career deviance" Social Bond Theory ------ "control theory" (Travis Hirschi) R2 = .14natural inclination to engage in deviant acts4 elements 4 elements of social bond theory ------ Attatchment - (works with young) school, family, churchCommitment- (legit) (long-term) stakes in conformityInvolvement- (any given day) conventional activitiesBelief- acceptance of societal rules Akers criteria for judging a theory ------ 1.personal beliefs 2. empirical validity 3. scope (R2) 4. parsimony (how clear) 5. testability functions of deviance ------ 1. strengthen the group (reactions) 2. highlights normss 3. catalyst for change 4. entertainment medicalaization of deviance ------ deviance = medical problem. Bad -> Sick.ex's: addictive behavior, eating disorder, ADHD/ADD, psychiatric, severe PMS Assumptions of medical model ------ caused by physical/ biological defectqualitative difference btwn deviants and normalsneed treatmentdiagnosed by symptoms advantage of medical model ------ humanitarian benefitsless condemnation of deviants disadvnatages of medical model ------ 1) expert domination (medical social control)2)individualizing social problems/ alleviates personal responsibilities)3) political abuse 4) not an adversarial system Thomas Szasz ------ myth of mental illnesscauses lablelingits a psychosocial deviation not a disease The Rosenhan Study ------ fake patients admitted into mental hospital "hearing voices"results: all but 1 admitted. nobody notices normal. average stay = 19days. released with schizophrenia in remission criticisms of Rosenhan study ------ "logic in remission"hearing voices called for no other action but to admit them
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