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Side A ------ Side B
Lamina - what is? ------ Is the leaf blade
What is a Petiole ------ It is the stem a leaf is carried on, may extend along the centre of the leaf forming the Mid-rib
Where does the leaf grow from on the stem ------ From the NODE on the stem
What is the name of the angle formed by the leaf and the stem ------ LEAF AXIL
Where are the axillary buds found ------ in the LEAF AXIL
What are the leaf characteristics (There are 6) ------ * Leaf Structure
* Attachment
* Arrangement
* Shape
* Venation
* Margin
What is LEAF STRUCTURE ------ Refers to the lamina of the leaf, is it simple or compound
What is leaf attachment ------ How the leaf joins the stem
 
What is arrangement ------ The distinctive pattern of how the leaf grows on the stem - how the leaves are arranged in relation to eachother
What is the leaf shape? ------ The smape of the lamina of leaf or leaflets
What is the leaf Venation? ------ The pattern of the veins on a leaf
What is the leaf Margin? ------ The edge of the lamina
What makes a compound leaf different from a simple leaf (referring to leaf structure) ------ A compound leaf has leaflets (multiple parts)
What is a compound leaf called if the leaflets grwo from the continuation of the petiole & what are the leaflets called? ------ The leaf is called a pinnate
The leaflets are called pinnae 
Ie. Elder (sambucus nigra)
What are pinnules ------ Pinnae that are divided up into further leaflets
What is a palmate ------ It is where the pinnae grwo from the end of a petiole ie. trifolium pratense (red clover)
Name 3 standard leaf attachments ------ Articulate - definate joint can be seen
Petiolate - petiole connects the leaf to the stem
Sessile - there is no petole and leaves join straight to stem - ie. grasses, clivers
What is sheathing ------ It is a special leaf attachment - bases of petioles wrap around the stem eg Petrolselinum crispum (parsley)
What is decurrent & perfoliate ------ Decurrent - where the lamina extends onto the side of the stem ie. Comfrey - Symphytum officinale
Perfoliate - Where teh stem appears to grow through the leaf laina (sum gum trees)
What are the 4 types of leaf arrangement ------ Alternate - only 1 leaf growing on each node
 Alternate distichous is when it appears to be growing in a spiral
Opposite - 2 leaves opposite from same node
Whorled - more than 2 leaves from 1 point
Basal/Radical - All grwo fromthe base of the stem Taraxacum officinale - dandeloin
What does penniveined mean? ------ Small veins run parallel to eachother away from the mid rib on a monocot plant
What does Runcinate, Lyrate & Palmatifid refer to when describing a leaf ------ The leaf indentation
Runcinate - sharp indentations, widest at the apens and tapering towards base
Lyrate - as above but with blunt indentations
Palmatifid - lamina deeply dissected into finger like projections - ie. maple leaf
Why is the leaf surface coated in cuticle ------ To prevent excessive water loss
What is stomata ------ Special openings that can open and clsoe for gas exchage preventing excessing water loss
Name the 3 vestiture on the surface of leaves ------ Glabrous - smooth surface w/out hairs or other covering
Glaucous - bluish waxy surface - eucalypts/mango
Pubescent - covering of fine hair
Stipules ------ Small leaf like structures found in pairs on the base of the petiole
Ochrea? ------ Membranous sheath found around the nodes of certain plans - formed from fused stipules
What is the leafs function ------ 1/ Photo synthesis
2/ Maintenace of water balance
3/ Gaseous exchange
Photosynthesis - how does it work ------ The plant processes the suns energy to join carbon, hydrogen and oxygen into sugar molecules
What makes a plant green & why is it needed ------ Chlorophyll - needed to absorb the light energy
What is the difference between Autotrophs & hereotrophs ------ Autotrophs - Can make their own food - most plants are autotrophs
What is an example of a bract ------ Asteracea family - long thin bracts around flower head
What are leaf modifications ------ Tendrils - wrap around structures
Spines - protection for plant
Bracts - Grow at base of flower stalks

Side A ------ Side B
Lamina - what is? ------ Is the leaf blade
What is a Petiole ------ It is the stem a leaf is carried on, may extend along the centre of the leaf forming the Mid-rib
Where does the leaf grow from on the stem ------ From the NODE on the stem
What is the name of the angle formed by the leaf and the stem ------ LEAF AXIL
Where are the axillary buds found ------ in the LEAF AXIL
What are the leaf characteristics (There are 6) ------ * Leaf Structure
* Attachment
* Arrangement
* Shape
* Venation
* Margin
What is LEAF STRUCTURE ------ Refers to the lamina of the leaf, is it simple or compound
What is leaf attachment ------ How the leaf joins the stem
 
What is arrangement ------ The distinctive pattern of how the leaf grows on the stem - how the leaves are arranged in relation to eachother
What is the leaf shape? ------ The smape of the lamina of leaf or leaflets
What is the leaf Venation? ------ The pattern of the veins on a leaf
What is the leaf Margin? ------ The edge of the lamina
What makes a compound leaf different from a simple leaf (referring to leaf structure) ------ A compound leaf has leaflets (multiple parts)
What is a compound leaf called if the leaflets grwo from the continuation of the petiole & what are the leaflets called? ------ The leaf is called a pinnate
The leaflets are called pinnae 
Ie. Elder (sambucus nigra)
What are pinnules ------ Pinnae that are divided up into further leaflets
What is a palmate ------ It is where the pinnae grwo from the end of a petiole ie. trifolium pratense (red clover)
Name 3 standard leaf attachments ------ Articulate - definate joint can be seen
Petiolate - petiole connects the leaf to the stem
Sessile - there is no petole and leaves join straight to stem - ie. grasses, clivers
What is sheathing ------ It is a special leaf attachment - bases of petioles wrap around the stem eg Petrolselinum crispum (parsley)
What is decurrent & perfoliate ------ Decurrent - where the lamina extends onto the side of the stem ie. Comfrey - Symphytum officinale
Perfoliate - Where teh stem appears to grow through the leaf laina (sum gum trees)
What are the 4 types of leaf arrangement ------ Alternate - only 1 leaf growing on each node
 Alternate distichous is when it appears to be growing in a spiral
Opposite - 2 leaves opposite from same node
Whorled - more than 2 leaves from 1 point
Basal/Radical - All grwo fromthe base of the stem Taraxacum officinale - dandeloin
What does penniveined mean? ------ Small veins run parallel to eachother away from the mid rib on a monocot plant
What does Runcinate, Lyrate & Palmatifid refer to when describing a leaf ------ The leaf indentation
Runcinate - sharp indentations, widest at the apens and tapering towards base
Lyrate - as above but with blunt indentations
Palmatifid - lamina deeply dissected into finger like projections - ie. maple leaf
Why is the leaf surface coated in cuticle ------ To prevent excessive water loss
What is stomata ------ Special openings that can open and clsoe for gas exchage preventing excessing water loss
Name the 3 vestiture on the surface of leaves ------ Glabrous - smooth surface w/out hairs or other covering
Glaucous - bluish waxy surface - eucalypts/mango
Pubescent - covering of fine hair
Stipules ------ Small leaf like structures found in pairs on the base of the petiole
Ochrea? ------ Membranous sheath found around the nodes of certain plans - formed from fused stipules
What is the leafs function ------ 1/ Photo synthesis
2/ Maintenace of water balance
3/ Gaseous exchange
Photosynthesis - how does it work ------ The plant processes the suns energy to join carbon, hydrogen and oxygen into sugar molecules
What makes a plant green & why is it needed ------ Chlorophyll - needed to absorb the light energy
What is the difference between Autotrophs & hereotrophs ------ Autotrophs - Can make their own food - most plants are autotrophs
What is an example of a bract ------ Asteracea family - long thin bracts around flower head
What are leaf modifications ------ Tendrils - wrap around structures
Spines - protection for plant
Bracts - Grow at base of flower stalks