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Side A ------ Side B
What is total lung capacity  ------ the total volume of air your lungs can hold; more than your vital capacity, (residual volume)
What is vital capacity ------ the amount of air you can physically take into (or push out of) your lungs


What is tidal volume? ------ the amount of air breathed in (and out) with each breath
low PO2 arterial blood + high PO2 tissues = ------ Net movement of oxygen Out of the tissues and into the blood
PCO2 arterial blood + PCO2 tissues ------ Net movement of carbon dioxide
PO2 arterial blood
high + PO2 tissues
low =


 ------ Net movement of oxygen Out of the blood and into the tissues
The respiratory membrane is ideally suited for gas exchange because it is ------ very vascular-loads of capillaries, has a huge surface area and is very thin-only two cells thick
When PO2 atmospheric air is low + PO2 alveolar air is low + PO2 capillary blood is high, net movement of oxygen will be?   ------ blood to alveoli
When PCO2 atmospheric air + PCO2 alveolar air+PCO2 capillary blood there will be? ------ Net movement of carbon dioxide
When PO2 atmospheric air
high, PO2 alveolar air
high and PO2 capillary blood
low. Net movement of oxygen will be?


 ------ alveoli to blood
Why do the pleural membrane layers not rub? ------ The layers don’t rub due to a small amount of pleural fluid between them.
Macrophages protect the lungs because: ------ they are phagocytes-non specific eating cells
what is the function of the pleural membrane? ------ keeps lungs sucked out prevents them from collapsing. 
There is no sign of either of there are no cilea or goblet cells in the alveoli because:  ------ they would get in the way of gas exchange and cause infection
What are the main ways that upper respiratory tract protects the lower respiratory tract from inhaled dirt, dust and organisms? ------ • ciliary escalator; nasal hair filters too
• goblet cells make mucus

What is the pleural membrane.  ------ double membrane enclosing the lungs; 
There are 300 million alveoli in each of your lungs. Why do we have so many? ------ It makes gas exchange very fast.

What is surfacant ------ lines alveoli, reduces surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing
what are the alveoli? ------ tiny thin walled sacs where gas exchange takes place
What do the Cartilage rings of the trachea do? ------ keep the trachea open at all times to maintain air supply
What is the Bronchi and bronchioles ------ conducting passageways
What is the trachea ------ conducting passageway for air; cilia and mucus continue to clean air on its way to the lungs
What is the epiglottis? ------ closes over trachea to prevent e.g. food and drink getting into the trachea (and therefore the lungs)
What is the function of the Vocal cords ------ speech
What is the larynx ------ box of cartilage at top of trachea, contains vocal cords
What is the Pharynx: ------ passageway for air, food and water; important in speech
What is the nose. ------ entry and exit of air; warms, moistens, cleans air; important in  smell and taste.
What are the other 3 processes of the respiratory system besides PV, ER and IR? ------ the respiratory system warms, cleans and moistens the air


what is External respiration ------ exchange of gases in the lungs
What is Internal respiration ------ exchange of gasses in the tissues
what is pulmonary ventilation? ------ the mechanical process of breathing, using the muscles of respiration
What are the two main respiratory gases. ------   Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
what is residual volume ------  volume of air left in your lungs after you’ve exhaled as much as you can in a forced expiration


what is inspiratory reserve volume ------ breathe in normally-then stop-then carry on breathing in as much as you can-this additional amount of air is your IRV
what is expiratory reserve volume ------ - breathe out normally, then stop then carry on breathing out as much as you can-this additional amount is the ERV
Name Two situations in health where the body might increase respiration rate ------ Exercise, emotional states

Name two situations where the body might decrease respiration rate.
 ------ sleep, being underwater

Side A ------ Side B
What is total lung capacity  ------ the total volume of air your lungs can hold; more than your vital capacity, (residual volume)
What is vital capacity ------ the amount of air you can physically take into (or push out of) your lungs

What is tidal volume? ------ the amount of air breathed in (and out) with each breath
low PO2 arterial blood + high PO2 tissues = ------ Net movement of oxygen Out of the tissues and into the blood
PCO2 arterial blood + PCO2 tissues ------ Net movement of carbon dioxide
PO2 arterial blood
high + PO2 tissues
low =

------ Net movement of oxygen Out of the blood and into the tissues
The respiratory membrane is ideally suited for gas exchange because it is ------ very vascular-loads of capillaries, has a huge surface area and is very thin-only two cells thick
When PO2 atmospheric air is low + PO2 alveolar air is low + PO2 capillary blood is high, net movement of oxygen will be?   ------ blood to alveoli
When PCO2 atmospheric air + PCO2 alveolar air+PCO2 capillary blood there will be? ------ Net movement of carbon dioxide
When PO2 atmospheric air
high, PO2 alveolar air
high and PO2 capillary blood
low. Net movement of oxygen will be?

------ alveoli to blood
Why do the pleural membrane layers not rub? ------ The layers don’t rub due to a small amount of pleural fluid between them.
Macrophages protect the lungs because: ------ they are phagocytes-non specific eating cells
what is the function of the pleural membrane? ------ keeps lungs sucked out prevents them from collapsing. 
There is no sign of either of there are no cilea or goblet cells in the alveoli because:  ------ they would get in the way of gas exchange and cause infection
What are the main ways that upper respiratory tract protects the lower respiratory tract from inhaled dirt, dust and organisms? ------ • ciliary escalator; nasal hair filters too
• goblet cells make mucus

What is the pleural membrane.  ------ double membrane enclosing the lungs; 
There are 300 million alveoli in each of your lungs. Why do we have so many? ------ It makes gas exchange very fast.

What is surfacant ------ lines alveoli, reduces surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing
what are the alveoli? ------ tiny thin walled sacs where gas exchange takes place
What do the Cartilage rings of the trachea do? ------ keep the trachea open at all times to maintain air supply
What is the Bronchi and bronchioles ------ conducting passageways
What is the trachea ------ conducting passageway for air; cilia and mucus continue to clean air on its way to the lungs
What is the epiglottis? ------ closes over trachea to prevent e.g. food and drink getting into the trachea (and therefore the lungs)
What is the function of the Vocal cords ------ speech
What is the larynx ------ box of cartilage at top of trachea, contains vocal cords
What is the Pharynx: ------ passageway for air, food and water; important in speech
What is the nose. ------ entry and exit of air; warms, moistens, cleans air; important in  smell and taste.
What are the other 3 processes of the respiratory system besides PV, ER and IR? ------ the respiratory system warms, cleans and moistens the air

what is External respiration ------ exchange of gases in the lungs
What is Internal respiration ------ exchange of gasses in the tissues
what is pulmonary ventilation? ------ the mechanical process of breathing, using the muscles of respiration
What are the two main respiratory gases. ------   Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
what is residual volume ------  volume of air left in your lungs after you’ve exhaled as much as you can in a forced expiration

what is inspiratory reserve volume ------ breathe in normally-then stop-then carry on breathing in as much as you can-this additional amount of air is your IRV
what is expiratory reserve volume ------ - breathe out normally, then stop then carry on breathing out as much as you can-this additional amount is the ERV
Name Two situations in health where the body might increase respiration rate ------ Exercise, emotional states

Name two situations where the body might decrease respiration rate.
 ------ sleep, being underwater