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Side A ------ Side B
motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce this unpleasant state of tension in the body and to return the body to a state of homeostasis  ------ drive-reduction theory
state of tension or arousal that motivates behavior ------ drive
unlearned drive, such as hunger, that are based on a physiological state ------ primary drives
learned drives, such as ambition, that are not based on a physiological state ------ secondary drives
theory of motivation that proposes that organism seek an optimal level of arousal ------ arousal theory
states that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates ------ yerkes-dadson law
a desire to perform a behavior that stems from the enjoyment derived from the behavior itself (get enjoyment from doing activity) ------ intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment ------ extrinsic motivation
a theory of motivation advanced by Maslow holding that higher order motives involving social and personal growth only emerge after lower level of motives related to survival have been satisfied ------ hierarchy of needs
list the 5 hierarchy of needs from higher need to lower ------ 1. physiological needs2. safety needs3. belongingness needs4. esteem needs5. self-actualization needs
unlearned motives, such as curiosity or contact, that prompts us to explore or change the world around us ------ stimulus motives
who said that humans have a need for contact ------ Harry Harlow
this focuses on a specific object that must be touched, handled, played with, and felt before we are satisfied ------ manipulation
behavior aimed at doing harm to others; also the motive to behave aggressively ------ aggression
the need to excel, to overcome obstacles ------ achievement motive
the desire to work hard and do a good job ------ work orientation
the preference for difficult or challenging feats, with emphasis on improving one's past performance  ------ mastery
the enjoyment of pitting one's skills against those of other people  ------ competitiveness
motivation to be with people ------ affiliation motive
emotions that are evident in all cultures, contribute to survival, associated with a distinct facial expression, and evident in non-human primates ------ primary emotions
emotions that are not found in all cultures, may be thought of as subtle combinations of the primary emotions ------ secondary emotions
states that stimuli causes physiological changes in our bodies, and emotions result from those physiological changes ------ james-lange theory
states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes ------ cannon-bard theory
states that emotional experience depends on one's perception or judgement of a situation ------ cognitive theory
theory that sees behavior as the product of internal psychological forces that often operate outside our conscious awareness ------ phsychodynamic theories 
the study of psychic energy and the way that it is transformed and expressed in behavior  ------ physchodynamics
best known and most influential of the physhodynamic theorists ------ sigmund freud
according to freud, the energy generated by sexual instinct ------ libido
in freud's theory of personality, the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression (and principle matched) ------ ID (pleasure principle)
according to freud, the way in which the id seeks immediate gratification of an instinct ------ pleasure principle
Freud's term for the part of personality that mediates b/t environmental demands and instinctual needs (and principle matched) ------ ego (reality principle)
according to freud, the way in which the ego seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and effectively in the real world ------ realty principle
according to freud, the social and parental standards the individual has internalized; the conscious and the ego ideal  ------ superego
the part of the superego that consists of standards of what one would like to be ------ ego ideal
according to freud, a partial or complete halt at some point in the individual's psychosexual development ------ fixation
first stage in freud's theory of personality development in which the infant's erotic feelings center on the mouth, lips, and tongue ------ oral stage
second stage in freud's theory of personality development in which a child's erotic feelings center on the anus and on elimination ------ anal stage
third stage in freud's theory of personality in which erotic feeling center on the genitals ------ phallic stage
according to freud, a child's sexual attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same sex; generally occurs in the phallic stage ------ oedipus complex, and electra complex
in freud's theory of personality, a period in which the child appears to has no interest in the other sex, occurs after the phallic stage  ------ latency period
in freud's theory of personality of development, the final stage of normal adult sexual development which is usually marked by mature sexuality ------ genital stage
any personality theory that asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their striving toward higher levels of functioning ------ humanistic personality theory
according to rogers, the drive of every organism to fulfill its biological potential and become what it is inherently capable of becoming  ------ actualizing tendency
according to rogers, the drive of human beings to fulfill their self-concepts or the images they have of themselves ------ self-actualization tendency
according to rogers, an individual whose self-concept closely resembles his or her inborn capacities or potentials ------ fully functioning person
in roger's theory, the full acceptance and love of another person regardless of his or her behavior  ------ unconditional positive regard
in roger's theory, acceptance and love that are dependent on another's behaving in certain ways and on fulfilling certain conditions ------ conditional positive regard
you are attracted to two incompatible goals at the same time ------ approach/approach
repelled by two undesirable alternatives at the same time, you are inclined to escape, although other factors often prevent such an escape ------ avoidance/avoidance
you are both repelled by and attracted to the same goal ------ approach/avoidance
intentional efforts to change an uncomfortable situation ------ direct coping
acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal ------ confrontation
deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical  ------ compromise
avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical ------ withdrawal
self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualize, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation ------ defense mechanisms
refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality ------ denial
excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feeling, and desires from consciousness ------ repression
attributing one's repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others ------ projection
taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent  ------ identification
reverting to childlike behavior and defenses ------ regression
thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them ------ intellectualization
expression exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one's repressed beliefs or feelings ------ reaction formation
shifting repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object  ------ displacement
redirecting repressed motives and feeling into more socially acceptable channels ------ sublimation

Side A ------ Side B
motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce this unpleasant state of tension in the body and to return the body to a state of homeostasis  ------ drive-reduction theory
state of tension or arousal that motivates behavior ------ drive
unlearned drive, such as hunger, that are based on a physiological state ------ primary drives
learned drives, such as ambition, that are not based on a physiological state ------ secondary drives
theory of motivation that proposes that organism seek an optimal level of arousal ------ arousal theory
states that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates ------ yerkes-dadson law
a desire to perform a behavior that stems from the enjoyment derived from the behavior itself (get enjoyment from doing activity) ------ intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment ------ extrinsic motivation
a theory of motivation advanced by Maslow holding that higher order motives involving social and personal growth only emerge after lower level of motives related to survival have been satisfied ------ hierarchy of needs
list the 5 hierarchy of needs from higher need to lower ------ 1. physiological needs2. safety needs3. belongingness needs4. esteem needs5. self-actualization needs
unlearned motives, such as curiosity or contact, that prompts us to explore or change the world around us ------ stimulus motives
who said that humans have a need for contact ------ Harry Harlow
this focuses on a specific object that must be touched, handled, played with, and felt before we are satisfied ------ manipulation
behavior aimed at doing harm to others; also the motive to behave aggressively ------ aggression
the need to excel, to overcome obstacles ------ achievement motive
the desire to work hard and do a good job ------ work orientation
the preference for difficult or challenging feats, with emphasis on improving one's past performance  ------ mastery
the enjoyment of pitting one's skills against those of other people  ------ competitiveness
motivation to be with people ------ affiliation motive
emotions that are evident in all cultures, contribute to survival, associated with a distinct facial expression, and evident in non-human primates ------ primary emotions
emotions that are not found in all cultures, may be thought of as subtle combinations of the primary emotions ------ secondary emotions
states that stimuli causes physiological changes in our bodies, and emotions result from those physiological changes ------ james-lange theory
states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes ------ cannon-bard theory
states that emotional experience depends on one's perception or judgement of a situation ------ cognitive theory
theory that sees behavior as the product of internal psychological forces that often operate outside our conscious awareness ------ phsychodynamic theories 
the study of psychic energy and the way that it is transformed and expressed in behavior  ------ physchodynamics
best known and most influential of the physhodynamic theorists ------ sigmund freud
according to freud, the energy generated by sexual instinct ------ libido
in freud's theory of personality, the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression (and principle matched) ------ ID (pleasure principle)
according to freud, the way in which the id seeks immediate gratification of an instinct ------ pleasure principle
Freud's term for the part of personality that mediates b/t environmental demands and instinctual needs (and principle matched) ------ ego (reality principle)
according to freud, the way in which the ego seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and effectively in the real world ------ realty principle
according to freud, the social and parental standards the individual has internalized; the conscious and the ego ideal  ------ superego
the part of the superego that consists of standards of what one would like to be ------ ego ideal
according to freud, a partial or complete halt at some point in the individual's psychosexual development ------ fixation
first stage in freud's theory of personality development in which the infant's erotic feelings center on the mouth, lips, and tongue ------ oral stage
second stage in freud's theory of personality development in which a child's erotic feelings center on the anus and on elimination ------ anal stage
third stage in freud's theory of personality in which erotic feeling center on the genitals ------ phallic stage
according to freud, a child's sexual attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same sex; generally occurs in the phallic stage ------ oedipus complex, and electra complex
in freud's theory of personality, a period in which the child appears to has no interest in the other sex, occurs after the phallic stage  ------ latency period
in freud's theory of personality of development, the final stage of normal adult sexual development which is usually marked by mature sexuality ------ genital stage
any personality theory that asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their striving toward higher levels of functioning ------ humanistic personality theory
according to rogers, the drive of every organism to fulfill its biological potential and become what it is inherently capable of becoming  ------ actualizing tendency
according to rogers, the drive of human beings to fulfill their self-concepts or the images they have of themselves ------ self-actualization tendency
according to rogers, an individual whose self-concept closely resembles his or her inborn capacities or potentials ------ fully functioning person
in roger's theory, the full acceptance and love of another person regardless of his or her behavior  ------ unconditional positive regard
in roger's theory, acceptance and love that are dependent on another's behaving in certain ways and on fulfilling certain conditions ------ conditional positive regard
you are attracted to two incompatible goals at the same time ------ approach/approach
repelled by two undesirable alternatives at the same time, you are inclined to escape, although other factors often prevent such an escape ------ avoidance/avoidance
you are both repelled by and attracted to the same goal ------ approach/avoidance
intentional efforts to change an uncomfortable situation ------ direct coping
acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal ------ confrontation
deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical  ------ compromise
avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical ------ withdrawal
self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualize, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation ------ defense mechanisms
refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality ------ denial
excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feeling, and desires from consciousness ------ repression
attributing one's repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others ------ projection
taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent  ------ identification
reverting to childlike behavior and defenses ------ regression
thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them ------ intellectualization
expression exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one's repressed beliefs or feelings ------ reaction formation
shifting repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object  ------ displacement
redirecting repressed motives and feeling into more socially acceptable channels ------ sublimation