Download (Define Terms Of Psychology Of Basic Learning Flashcards) Flashcard

Choose a format below:

TEXT Format (.txt) MS-Excel Format (.xls)

Select delimiter » Comma Semicolon Tab New Line Custom

Preview »

Side A ------ Side B
Learning ------ Enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience.
Association ------ Process by with two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly linked so that we begin to connect them in our minds.
Conditioning ------ A form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by associations with events in the environment.
Classical Conditioning ------ Form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response.
Unconditioned response (UR) ------ The automatic, inborn reaction to a stimulus.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ------ The environmental input that always produces the same unlearned respones.
Conditioned Stimulus ------ A previously neutral input that an organism learns to associate with the UCS.
Conditioned Response ------ A behavior that an organism learns to preform when presented with the CS.
Stimulus Discrimination ------ Restriction of a CR (such as salivation) to the exact CS to which it was conditioned.
Stimulus Generalization ------ Extension of the association between UCS and CS to include a broad array of similar stimuli.
Extinction ------ The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response, which occurs when the UCS is no longer paired with the CS.
Spontaneous Recovery ------ The sudden reappearance of an extinguished responese.
Law of Effect ------ The consequences of a behavior increase(or decrease) the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
Operant Conditioning ------ The process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of the behavior.
Reinforcer ------ An internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior.
Primary Reinforcers ------ Innate, unlearned reinforcers that satisfy biological needs (food, water etc.)
Secondary (or conditioned) Reinforcers ------ Reinforcers that are learned by association, usually via classical conditioning.
Positive reinforcement ------ The presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often the behavior will occur.
Negative Reinforcement ------ Removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior.
Punishment ------ Stimulus, presented after a behavior, that decreases the frequency of the behavior.
Negative Punishment ------ The removal of a stimuls to decrease behavior.
Positive Punishment ------ The addition of a stimulus that decrease behavior.
Skinner Box ------ Simple chamber used for operant conditioning of small animals.
Shaping ------ The reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior.
Continuous Reinforcement ------ Reinforcement of a behavior every time in occurs.
Intermittent Reinforcement ------ Reinforcement of a behavior-but not after every response.
Schedules of Reinforcement ------ Patterns of reinforcements distinguished by whether reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses or after a certain amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
Fixed ration (FR) schedule  ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in reinforcement follows a set number of responses.
Variable ratio (VR) Schedule ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which the number of responses needed for reinforcement changes.
Fixed interval (FI) Schedule ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which responses are reinforced after time periods of differnet durations have passed.
Instinctive Drift ------ Learned behavior that shifts toward instinctive, unlearned behavior tendencies. 
Biological Constraint Model ------ View on learning proposing that some behaviors are inherently more likely to be learned than others. 
Latent Learning ------ Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later, when reinforcement occurs.
Conditioned Taste Aversion ------ The learned avoidance of a particular taste or food.
Enactive Learning ------ Learning by doing.
Observational Learning ------ Learning by watching the behavior of others.
Social Learning Theory ------ A description of the kind of learning that occurs when we model or imitate the behavior of others.
Modeling ------ The imitation of behaviors performed by others.
Imprinting ------ The rapid and innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth. 
Ethology ------ The scientific study of animal behavior.
Behavior Modification ------ The application of operant conditioning principles to change behavior.

Side A ------ Side B
Learning ------ Enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience.
Association ------ Process by with two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly linked so that we begin to connect them in our minds.
Conditioning ------ A form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by associations with events in the environment.
Classical Conditioning ------ Form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response.
Unconditioned response (UR) ------ The automatic, inborn reaction to a stimulus.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ------ The environmental input that always produces the same unlearned respones.
Conditioned Stimulus ------ A previously neutral input that an organism learns to associate with the UCS.
Conditioned Response ------ A behavior that an organism learns to preform when presented with the CS.
Stimulus Discrimination ------ Restriction of a CR (such as salivation) to the exact CS to which it was conditioned.
Stimulus Generalization ------ Extension of the association between UCS and CS to include a broad array of similar stimuli.
Extinction ------ The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response, which occurs when the UCS is no longer paired with the CS.
Spontaneous Recovery ------ The sudden reappearance of an extinguished responese.
Law of Effect ------ The consequences of a behavior increase(or decrease) the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
Operant Conditioning ------ The process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of the behavior.
Reinforcer ------ An internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior.
Primary Reinforcers ------ Innate, unlearned reinforcers that satisfy biological needs (food, water etc.)
Secondary (or conditioned) Reinforcers ------ Reinforcers that are learned by association, usually via classical conditioning.
Positive reinforcement ------ The presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often the behavior will occur.
Negative Reinforcement ------ Removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior.
Punishment ------ Stimulus, presented after a behavior, that decreases the frequency of the behavior.
Negative Punishment ------ The removal of a stimuls to decrease behavior.
Positive Punishment ------ The addition of a stimulus that decrease behavior.
Skinner Box ------ Simple chamber used for operant conditioning of small animals.
Shaping ------ The reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior.
Continuous Reinforcement ------ Reinforcement of a behavior every time in occurs.
Intermittent Reinforcement ------ Reinforcement of a behavior-but not after every response.
Schedules of Reinforcement ------ Patterns of reinforcements distinguished by whether reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses or after a certain amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
Fixed ration (FR) schedule  ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in reinforcement follows a set number of responses.
Variable ratio (VR) Schedule ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which the number of responses needed for reinforcement changes.
Fixed interval (FI) Schedule ------ Pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which responses are reinforced after time periods of differnet durations have passed.
Instinctive Drift ------ Learned behavior that shifts toward instinctive, unlearned behavior tendencies. 
Biological Constraint Model ------ View on learning proposing that some behaviors are inherently more likely to be learned than others. 
Latent Learning ------ Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later, when reinforcement occurs.
Conditioned Taste Aversion ------ The learned avoidance of a particular taste or food.
Enactive Learning ------ Learning by doing.
Observational Learning ------ Learning by watching the behavior of others.
Social Learning Theory ------ A description of the kind of learning that occurs when we model or imitate the behavior of others.
Modeling ------ The imitation of behaviors performed by others.
Imprinting ------ The rapid and innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth. 
Ethology ------ The scientific study of animal behavior.
Behavior Modification ------ The application of operant conditioning principles to change behavior.