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Side A ------ Side B
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
1. Faulty Analogy ------ -someone who compares 2 things that are not alike.
-example: the war in Iraq is just like WWII.
-all you have to do it point out significant differences between the two things being compared to prove that the analogy is faulty.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
2. False/Questionable Cause (post hoc) ------ -example: susperstition.
-example: natural disaster caused by God to punish people.
-example: age causes wisdom.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
3. Ad Hominem (at the man) ------ -attacking the person directly (when they make an argument).
-ignore their reasons.
-attack the person instead of their argument.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
4. Slippery Slope (domino effect, wedge) ------ -if... then... (slope)
-if we allow a small opening of the door, then... (wedge)
-example: if we allow gay marriages, we will soon allow the marriage of children, society will collapse and the world will end.
-end result is not likely to happen.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
5. Hasty Conclusion ------ -example: I have trouble concentrating on schoolwork, therefore I must have a brain tumor.
-conclusion of argument seems very unlikely.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
6. Two Wrongs Make A Right ------ -just because one person is doing something wrong, doesn't make it right for you to do it.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
7. Straw Man ------ -take an argument, distort it/ change it, and attack the new argument.
-you never actually attack the original  argument.
-changed to something (usually) weaker than the original argument.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
1. Red Herring ------ -with the topic under discussion, the person doesn't address the topic directly. He changes the topic slightly and addresses the new argument.
-still related to the original topic (compared to straw man-- new argument completely).
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
2. Ad Populem (jumping on the bandwagon) ------ -agreeing with an argument because a lot of other people do.
-example: a lot of people like Nickelback, so they must be a good band.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
3. Appeal to Tradition ------ -example: that's the way we've always done it...
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
4. Appeal to Pity ------ -merely appealing to people's pity without other reasons to back it up.
-evidence doesn't support the conclusion.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
5. False Dilemma ------ -either P or Q; not P; therefore, Q.
-premises are false: makes the argument unsound.
-might be a valid structure, but if premises are false, conclusion is false.
-more options/premises might be available.
-limiting to 2 choices when there might be more.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
6. Equivocation ------ -taking a word or phraseand giving it equal voice/meaning when really, you are dealing with different word/phrase meanings.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
7. Begging the Question ------ -a) I won't argue for my point, I'll let you argue against it.
b) complex question to incriminate the other party.
c)circular reasoning: a premise is the conclusion in new words.
d) one of the premises is the conclusion.
     -the conclusion rests on itself.
     -look at content of reasoning, not formatting.

Side A ------ Side B
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
1. Faulty Analogy ------ -someone who compares 2 things that are not alike.
-example: the war in Iraq is just like WWII.
-all you have to do it point out significant differences between the two things being compared to prove that the analogy is faulty.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
2. False/Questionable Cause (post hoc) ------ -example: susperstition.
-example: natural disaster caused by God to punish people.
-example: age causes wisdom.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
3. Ad Hominem (at the man) ------ -attacking the person directly (when they make an argument).
-ignore their reasons.
-attack the person instead of their argument.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
4. Slippery Slope (domino effect, wedge) ------ -if... then... (slope)
-if we allow a small opening of the door, then... (wedge)
-example: if we allow gay marriages, we will soon allow the marriage of children, society will collapse and the world will end.
-end result is not likely to happen.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
5. Hasty Conclusion ------ -example: I have trouble concentrating on schoolwork, therefore I must have a brain tumor.
-conclusion of argument seems very unlikely.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
6. Two Wrongs Make A Right ------ -just because one person is doing something wrong, doesn't make it right for you to do it.
MISTAKE IN REASONING FALLACIES
 
7. Straw Man ------ -take an argument, distort it/ change it, and attack the new argument.
-you never actually attack the original  argument.
-changed to something (usually) weaker than the original argument.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
1. Red Herring ------ -with the topic under discussion, the person doesn't address the topic directly. He changes the topic slightly and addresses the new argument.
-still related to the original topic (compared to straw man-- new argument completely).
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
2. Ad Populem (jumping on the bandwagon) ------ -agreeing with an argument because a lot of other people do.
-example: a lot of people like Nickelback, so they must be a good band.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
3. Appeal to Tradition ------ -example: that's the way we've always done it...
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
4. Appeal to Pity ------ -merely appealing to people's pity without other reasons to back it up.
-evidence doesn't support the conclusion.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
5. False Dilemma ------ -either P or Q; not P; therefore, Q.
-premises are false: makes the argument unsound.
-might be a valid structure, but if premises are false, conclusion is false.
-more options/premises might be available.
-limiting to 2 choices when there might be more.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
6. Equivocation ------ -taking a word or phraseand giving it equal voice/meaning when really, you are dealing with different word/phrase meanings.
FALLACIES THAT MISLEAD
 
7. Begging the Question ------ -a) I won't argue for my point, I'll let you argue against it.
b) complex question to incriminate the other party.
c)circular reasoning: a premise is the conclusion in new words.
d) one of the premises is the conclusion.
     -the conclusion rests on itself.
     -look at content of reasoning, not formatting.