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Side A ------ Side B
Two types of host defense systems ------ innate and adaptive immunity
first line of defense; nonspecific; always present ------ innate immunity
specific or acquired defense ------ adaptive immunity
two major classes of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity ------ B and T cells
lymphocyte most responsible for the clearance of extracellular microbes ------ B cells
lymphocyte population most responsible for the clearance of intracellular microbes ------ T cells
classes of T cells ------ helper, cytolytic, regulatory
substance, usually foreign, that reacts with an antibody ------ antigen
substance, usually foreign that elicits an immune response ------ immunogen
lymphocyte population that secretes antibodies ------ B cells (plasma cells)
lymphocyte population that directly kills infected cells ------ cytotoxic T cells
lymphocyte population that helps B cells make antibodies ------ T helper cells
lymphocyte population that helps activate macrophages  ------ T helper cells
active immunity that is naturally acquired ------ recovery from infection
active immunity that is artificially acquired ------ vaccination
passive immmunity that is artificially acquired ------ injection of immune globulin
passive immunity that is naturally acquired ------ placental transfer of IgG
passive immunity that is naturally acquired ------ breast feeding of IgA
Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has not yet engaged antigen ------ naive lymphocyte
maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has been activated by antigen ------ effector lymphocyte
maturation stage of mature lymphocyte that is long lived and ready to rapidly respond to antigen on the second/subsequent exposures ------ memory lypmphocyte
secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to blood-borne antigens ------ spleen
secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to tissue-borne antigens ------ lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT
major cell types involved in innate immunity ------ granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils ------ granulocytes
primary lymphoid tissue ------ bone marrow, thymus
anatomic location where stem cells reside ------ bone marrow
anatomic site of B cell maturation ------ bone marrow
anatomic site of T cell maturation ------ thymus
cells that capture and present peptides to T cells ------ antigen-presenting cells (APC)
professional antigen presenting cells ------ dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, FDC
Response to first exposure to an antigen ------ primary immune response
response to repeat encounters with same antigen ------ secondary immune response
major antibody produced in serum during primary immune response ------ IgM
major antibody produced in serum during secondary immune response ------ IgG
anatomic location of T cells in lymph nodes ------ paracortex
anatomic location of B cells in lymph nodes ------ follicle (cortex)
anatomic location of T cells in spleen ------ periarteriolar sheath
specialized venules in lymph nodes where T cells enter ------ high endothelial venules
cellular receptors for microbial antigens on innate immune cells ------ pathogen recognition receptors
LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, viral RNA, fungal mannans ------ pathogen associated molecular patterns
general characteristics of innate immunity ------ no induction period, specificity or memory
extensive physical barrier to infection ------ epithelial lining of portals of entry
most active phagocytic cell and most abundant circulating WBC ------ neutrophil
neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells ------ phagocytic cells
lyosozyme, reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide ------ microbicidal molecules of phagocytes
enzyme responsible for production of reactive oxygen species ------ phagocyte oxidase
pro-inflammatory cytokines that target endothelium, among others ------ TNF, IL-1
adhesion molecules expressed on endothelium that mediate rolling of leukocytes ------ E and P selectins
adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that mediate thethering of leukocytes ------ integrins
lymphocytes of innate immunity that provide early defense against viral infections ------ NK cells
major sourse of interfereon-y (IFN) in innate immune system ------ NK cellss
structural domains found on inhibitory receptors of NK cells ------ ITIMs
structural domains found on activating receptors of NK cells ------ ITAMs
intraepithelial lymphocytes that are early sentinels of bacterial infections ------ gamma delta T cells
activator of classical pathway of complement ------ antibody binding to C1q
activator of alternative pathway of complement ------ binding of C3b to microbial surfaces
activator of lectin pathway of complement ------ terminal mannose residues of microbial glyoproteins
major opsonin generated by complement activation ------ C3b
pro-inflammatory molecules generated by complement activation ------ C3a and C5a
polymeric protein complex that lyses microbes ------ membrane attack complex (MAC), C6-C9
cytokines that activate endothelium ------ TNF and IL-1
class of cytokines that increase integrin affinity and are chemotacic ------ chemokines
cytokine that induces interfereon-gamma production by NK cells and T cells ------ IL-12
cytokine that activates macrophages ------ IFNgamma
anti-viral cytokines ------ IFNa/b (Type I IFNs)
cytokine that down-regulates immune responses ------ IL-10
pro-inflammatory cytokines ------ TFN, IL-1, IL-6
inducers of acute phase response ------ IL-6, TNF, IL-1
induces proliferation of plasma cells ------ IL-6
C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin and others ------ acute phase proteins
signals generated by innate immune response to stimulate lymphocytes ------ B7, C3d, and IL-12
substances given with vaccines that stimulate immune responses ------ adjuvants
neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, basophils, esinophils ------ cells quantified on a CBC

Side A ------ Side B
Two types of host defense systems ------ innate and adaptive immunity
first line of defense; nonspecific; always present ------ innate immunity
specific or acquired defense ------ adaptive immunity
two major classes of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity ------ B and T cells
lymphocyte most responsible for the clearance of extracellular microbes ------ B cells
lymphocyte population most responsible for the clearance of intracellular microbes ------ T cells
classes of T cells ------ helper, cytolytic, regulatory
substance, usually foreign, that reacts with an antibody ------ antigen
substance, usually foreign that elicits an immune response ------ immunogen
lymphocyte population that secretes antibodies ------ B cells (plasma cells)
lymphocyte population that directly kills infected cells ------ cytotoxic T cells
lymphocyte population that helps B cells make antibodies ------ T helper cells
lymphocyte population that helps activate macrophages  ------ T helper cells
active immunity that is naturally acquired ------ recovery from infection
active immunity that is artificially acquired ------ vaccination
passive immmunity that is artificially acquired ------ injection of immune globulin
passive immunity that is naturally acquired ------ placental transfer of IgG
passive immunity that is naturally acquired ------ breast feeding of IgA
Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has not yet engaged antigen ------ naive lymphocyte
maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has been activated by antigen ------ effector lymphocyte
maturation stage of mature lymphocyte that is long lived and ready to rapidly respond to antigen on the second/subsequent exposures ------ memory lypmphocyte
secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to blood-borne antigens ------ spleen
secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to tissue-borne antigens ------ lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT
major cell types involved in innate immunity ------ granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils ------ granulocytes
primary lymphoid tissue ------ bone marrow, thymus
anatomic location where stem cells reside ------ bone marrow
anatomic site of B cell maturation ------ bone marrow
anatomic site of T cell maturation ------ thymus
cells that capture and present peptides to T cells ------ antigen-presenting cells (APC)
professional antigen presenting cells ------ dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, FDC
Response to first exposure to an antigen ------ primary immune response
response to repeat encounters with same antigen ------ secondary immune response
major antibody produced in serum during primary immune response ------ IgM
major antibody produced in serum during secondary immune response ------ IgG
anatomic location of T cells in lymph nodes ------ paracortex
anatomic location of B cells in lymph nodes ------ follicle (cortex)
anatomic location of T cells in spleen ------ periarteriolar sheath
specialized venules in lymph nodes where T cells enter ------ high endothelial venules
cellular receptors for microbial antigens on innate immune cells ------ pathogen recognition receptors
LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, viral RNA, fungal mannans ------ pathogen associated molecular patterns
general characteristics of innate immunity ------ no induction period, specificity or memory
extensive physical barrier to infection ------ epithelial lining of portals of entry
most active phagocytic cell and most abundant circulating WBC ------ neutrophil
neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells ------ phagocytic cells
lyosozyme, reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide ------ microbicidal molecules of phagocytes
enzyme responsible for production of reactive oxygen species ------ phagocyte oxidase
pro-inflammatory cytokines that target endothelium, among others ------ TNF, IL-1
adhesion molecules expressed on endothelium that mediate rolling of leukocytes ------ E and P selectins
adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that mediate thethering of leukocytes ------ integrins
lymphocytes of innate immunity that provide early defense against viral infections ------ NK cells
major sourse of interfereon-y (IFN) in innate immune system ------ NK cellss
structural domains found on inhibitory receptors of NK cells ------ ITIMs
structural domains found on activating receptors of NK cells ------ ITAMs
intraepithelial lymphocytes that are early sentinels of bacterial infections ------ gamma delta T cells
activator of classical pathway of complement ------ antibody binding to C1q
activator of alternative pathway of complement ------ binding of C3b to microbial surfaces
activator of lectin pathway of complement ------ terminal mannose residues of microbial glyoproteins
major opsonin generated by complement activation ------ C3b
pro-inflammatory molecules generated by complement activation ------ C3a and C5a
polymeric protein complex that lyses microbes ------ membrane attack complex (MAC), C6-C9
cytokines that activate endothelium ------ TNF and IL-1
class of cytokines that increase integrin affinity and are chemotacic ------ chemokines
cytokine that induces interfereon-gamma production by NK cells and T cells ------ IL-12
cytokine that activates macrophages ------ IFNgamma
anti-viral cytokines ------ IFNa/b (Type I IFNs)
cytokine that down-regulates immune responses ------ IL-10
pro-inflammatory cytokines ------ TFN, IL-1, IL-6
inducers of acute phase response ------ IL-6, TNF, IL-1
induces proliferation of plasma cells ------ IL-6
C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin and others ------ acute phase proteins
signals generated by innate immune response to stimulate lymphocytes ------ B7, C3d, and IL-12
substances given with vaccines that stimulate immune responses ------ adjuvants
neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, basophils, esinophils ------ cells quantified on a CBC